20世纪60年代中国人口政策评价

20世纪60年代中国人口政策在新中国人口政策史上有着重要的地位。该时期制定的以“提倡节制生育,适当控制人口自然增长率”为主要内容的人口政策和相应设立的计生机构,既是20世纪50年代人口思想的继承和发展,又为20世纪70年代在全国范围内实施有计划生育的人口政策奠定了思想基础。     

新中国外交学学科建设与研究

文章对新中国成立以来50多年的“外交学学科建设与研究”进行了回顾,并以1978年底为界划分为两大阶段。 前30年中国外交学走过了曲折路程,改革开放后的20多年取得了巨大成绩。文章对当前国内的研究状况进行了分析,指 出存在的外交学学术性格不鲜明等四大问题,作者还提出了相关的建议,展望外交学发展的良好机遇已经到来。     

Issue Convergence in Presidential Campaigns

This effort seeks to expand our understanding of the supply-side of the campaign process by investigating how candidate competition for agenda control affects occurrences of issue convergence (the discussion of the same issues by competing candidates) in campaigns for the presidency. More specifically, I integrate hypotheses suggested by extant literature into a framework that captures the factors that motivate presidential candidates selection of issues and the factors that affect their decisions to address issues also discussed by their opponents. These hypotheses are tested with duration analysis and data gathered from all available campaign advertisements produced by candidates competing in the 1976 through 1996 presidential elections. The results indicate that occurrences of issue convergences are quite frequent in presidential campaigns and that candidates decisions to address the same issues are affected by an issues saliency and partisan ownership, as well by changes in the campaign environment.     

小布什政府对外政策调整刍议

小布什上台半年来 ,美对外政策经历了从“僵硬”到相对“温和”的回调。回调原因在于美“僵硬”外交在国内外受到强烈批评和抵制 ,国际潮流出现不利于美国的变化。美对外政策调整不是对克林顿外交的简单“回归” ,调整仅限于策略层面 ,美霸权本质不会改变。美虽可能在一定程度上调整其全球单边主义 ,但在亚太 ,其单边主义可能逆向而行 ,呈局部加强之势 ,并对中美关系产生一定消极影响     

认真贯彻“三个代表”的重要思想 增强农村干部队伍建设

江泽民同志“三个代表”的思想是我们立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是加强农村干部队伍建设的行动指南。用“三个代表”的思想统揽农村工作,全面落实、身体力行“三个代表”思想,是我们面向新世纪,增强农村干部素质的坚定不移的指导思想。     

The allure of technology: How France and California promoted electric and hybrid vehicles to reduce urban air pollution

All advanced industrialized societies face the problem of air pollution produced by motor vehicles. In spite of striking improvements in internal combustion engine technology, air pollution in most urban areas is still measured at levels determined to be harmful to human health. Throughout the 1990s and beyond, California and France both chose to improve air quality by means of technological innovation, adopting legislation that promoted clean vehicles, prominently among them, electric vehicles (EVs). In California, policymakers chose a technology-forcing approach, setting ambitious goals (e.g., zero emission vehicles), establishing strict deadlines and issuing penalties for non-compliance. The policy process in California called for substantial participation from the public, the media, the academic community and the interest groups affected by the regulation. The automobile and oil industries bitterly contested the regulation, in public and in the courts. In contrast, in France the policy process was non-adversarial, with minimal public participation and negligible debate in academic circles. We argue that California's stringent regulation spurred the development of innovative hybrid and fuel cell vehicles more effectively than the French approach. However, in spite of the differences, both California and France have been unable to put a substantial number of EVs on the road. Our comparison offers some broad lessons about how policy developments within a culture influence both the development of technology and the impact of humans on the environment.     

西方刑事政策运动理念及实践

依据刑事政策的本体论根据、认识论根据、价值论根据的不同,西方刑事政策运动可归结为三个阶段:理性主义阶段、实证主义阶段和人道主义阶段。各个阶段在不同理念支配下,刑事政策实践表现为"刑事政策刑法化"、"刑事法律政策化"和以"刑事法律政策化"为主导的"刑事政策法律化"与"刑事法律政策化"双向运动三种类型。     

接触中国：美国对中国崛起的初步反应——以克林顿政府为例

美国克林顿政府时期的对华接触政策,是美国国家安全战略的重要组成部分,也是美国新自由主义者对全球化背景下"中国崛起"的初步反应。其在政治领域,主要是通过政府高官乃至元首的多边和双边会谈、访问来进行;在经济领域,是使中国在接受美方相关条件的基础上,把中国纳入多边国际经济体制,并试图加深中国对美国和整个国际经济体系的依赖;在安全领域,则试图在承认中国若干合法安全利益的基础上,有选择地把中国纳入相关国际安全体系,并注重推动两边军事交流。克林顿政府的对华接触政策具有国际和国内"双管齐下"、接触加威慑"软硬兼施"两大特征。然而,中国作为一个大国,无论是其国际行为还是其国内进程,都要基于中国自身的战略考量,都有其复杂的内在逻辑,克林顿政府的对华接触政策只是中国发展与崛起过程中的一个重要外部变量而已。     

民族教育投资体制改革及政策建议

民族教育投资体制改革应坚持“有进有退,适度竞争”的原则,应建立起以国家为主、地方为辅的投资体制、设计双赢的民族教育投资体制、建立补偿性民族教育投资体制、建立起以就业为导向的民族教育投资体制、建立起以产业为导向的民族教育投资体制和建立起规范的民族地区义务教育财政转移支付制度,提出了相应的对策建议。     

Merging content analysis and the policy sciences: A system to discern policy-specific trends from news media reports

In this article we set out to bridge a surprising methodological gap between two time-honored research traditions – news media content analysis and the policy sciences analytic framework. Lasswell, a recognized pioneer of both the method and the framework, discussed the mutual benefits of each decades ago. But few researchers, if any, have formally linked the two. To that end, in this article we (1) make the case for using news media content analysis to inform research studies using the policy sciences analytic framework; (2) introduce an original content analysis categorical system for that purpose; (3) demonstrate that system with a study of 90 national news articles about the stratospheric ozone hole; and (4) compare our system to others used to examine news content. We report that our system, used by human coders, is well geared to describing and mapping trends in the social process surrounding the development of the Montreal Protocol ozone treaty during the intelligence gathering and promotion phases encompassed by our data sample. We argue that other content analysis systems fall short – in structure and purpose – of meeting the promise ours holds to the policy scientist.