两种“概念”,还是两种“自由”——解读伯林的Two Concepts of Liberty

伯林首先是一个思想史家。解读他在《两种自由概念》中所使用的消极自由和积极自由,主要是用以概括和考察以往政治思想史两种不同类型的思想家们对自由的理解,而不是为了直接阐发他本人对自由的理解。消极自由和积极自由这两个字眼,在伯林这里分别代表的是对自由做不同理解的两个概念,而不是说有两种自由,或自由有两种。对于伯林来说,消极自由和积极自由是一种自由的两个方面。     

Youth Development Outcomes of the Camp Experience: Evidence for Multidimensional Growth

Three thousand, three hundred and ninety-five families, whose child attended one of 80 different day or resident summer camps for at least one week, completed customized questionnaires that measured growth from precamp to postcamp in four domains: Positive Identity, Social Skills, Physical & Thinking Skills, and Positive Values & Spirituality. Parents, children, and camp staff reported significant positive change in these four domains; more than would be expected by maturation alone. Most gains were maintained or showed additional growth six months later. Few of the camp's structural elements correlated with growth, nor did striking gender, age, or ethnicity differences emerge. The study highlights the particular strengths of camp as an educational institution and social movement and suggests that different variations of summer camp can provide potent developmental experiences. Christopher A. Thurber is full-time faculty at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. He received his PhD in clinical psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1997. His major research interests include homesickness, youth camping, and developmental psychopathology. Margery M. Scanlin is the Executive Officer for Research at the American Camp Association in Martinsville, Indiana. She received her EdD from Temple University in Philadelphia, PA, in 1982. Her major research interests include youth development outcomes, program improvement in youth organizations, and organizational aspects of effective camps. Leslie Scheuler Whitaker is a Senior Associate with Philliber Research Associates in St. Louis, Missouri. She received her PhD in social science research from Washington University in St. Louis in 2000. Her primary research areas include youth development, arts education, and program evaluation. Karla A. Henderson is a professor in the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism at North Carolina State University. She received her PhD in education from the University of Minnesota in 1979 and is currently a member of the American Camp Association Board of Directors. Her research interests include leisure behavior theory, camping and outdoor education, and gender and diversity issues.     

自由意志与法律意志

针对沉默权立法论争中的“自由意志”问题,从实际出发来探讨自由意志与法律意志这对命题,有益于我国建设法治社会的立法实践。     

First-Year College Student Affect and Alcohol Use: Paradoxical Within- and Between-Person Associations

Based on 10 weekly telephone interviews with first-year college students (N=202; 63% women; M=18.8 years, SD=.4), within- and between-person associations of positive and negative affect with alcohol use were examined. Multi-level models confirmed hypothesized within-person associations between weekly positive affect and alcohol use: Higher positive affect weeks had greater alcohol consumption, more drinking and heavy drinking days in the same week, and less plans to drink the following week. However, between-person, average positive affect did not predict individual differences in alcohol use. The negative affect—alcohol use association was complex: Within-person, higher negative affect was associated with less drinking days but between-person, with more drinking days; lability in negative affect was associated with greater average alcohol use and more drinking and heavy drinking days. Health promotion efforts for late adolescent and emerging adult students are advised to recognize these paradoxical effects (e.g., promoting dry celebratory campus-events, strategies to manage negative mood swings).

“在”“自由者”之间——黑格尔“对立之统一与和谐”思想再思考

辩证法曾经作为认识世界与社会斗争的指导方法,在过去的几十年中,兴盛一时。然而随着时代的变迁,辩证法似乎要被打入冷宫。但实际上,黑格尔辩证法拥有其哲学自身的理路,对于它,庸俗泛滥的理解固不可取,简单的抛弃也非科学的态度。辩证法不是处世的小计谋,而是生命的大智慧,即是实现自由的方法和道路。在对自由的理解上,康德因其揭示了自由的先验来源而功不可没,然而,黑格尔的辩证法却使自由从康德的“天国”回到了“人间”,“对立统一”就是要使自我在他者中实现自身的自由,使自由成为存在于他者之中的现实;自由与必然的关系,不是自我对异己的消耗,而在异己中保持住自己,它既成全了自身,也成全了他者。在这个意义上,辩证法是要让人在天地之间找到自身的位置。     

外交哲学的四个基本变量及实证分析

外交哲学的四个基本变量是实力、利益、观念与行为,其中实力、利益与现念都是自变量,行为是因变量。自变量决定因变量,实力、利益与观念分别作用并共同决定行为。同时,三个自变量之间还存在着相互作用的互动关系。     

伦理学基本问题再认识

伦理学界对伦理学的基本问题有种种不同看法 ,为了推进伦理学理论研究 ,有必要对这一问题加以再认识。如果我们从社会生活的基本问题以及伦理学的研究对象、伦理学的规范体系、伦理学的学科性质等方面加以综合的思考 ,那就必须确认 :现代伦理学只有把道德规范与意志自由的关系问题作为基本问题 ,才能适应当代社会生活的现实需要     

迁徙自由入宪与户籍制度问题探讨

迁徙自由是公民的一项基本人权,为国际社会普遍确认。它在我国曾经明文载入宪法,但由于社会历史条件所限,以后未加以明确。在新的历史条件下,第四次修宪首次将"人权"概念引入宪法。明确规定:"国家尊重和保障人权",这为迁徙自由入宪提供了前提。在此背景下,应积极推进户籍制度改革,以充分实现身份平等和迁徙自由。     

论营业行政许可的法律属性与合理边界

从民事主体营业自由权的应然性和正当性来分析,营业行政许可行为应视为行政机关基于无害性审查对营业申请者获得营业资格和营业能力的行政解禁行为。基于此,法律和制度关于营业行政许可事项的设定,就应主要去考虑营业是否关涉到公共安全、公共秩序、公共利益和环境生态,营业行政许可事项也应严格锁定在公共利益的无害性审查范围内,舍此,就无须设定营业行政许可。     

论精神病患者强制收治程序的法律规制

随着精神病患者违法肇事案件的不断增多,强制收治患者行为越来越受到人们的关注。作为一种特殊入院方式,强制入院的实行,对于部分丧失意识能力,且对自己及他人构成潜在危险的精神病患者,无疑显得极为必要。可令人感到遗憾的是,由于我国立法尚未对此作出明确、统一规定,致使该措施在实际实行中,明显缺乏规范性。因此,应当对精神病患者强制收治程序予以法律规制。