Study on Infringement Issues Related to CAD Documents in the Three-dimensional Printing Industry: Theoretical Logic and Reflection on Legislation

With the new wave of intelligent manufacturing, 3D printing will be a crucial innovative technology contributing to promoting economic growth in the future. Meanwhile, 3D printing technology will also bring challenges of intellectual property protection. Since CAD documents do not constitute the technical solution under the patent protection, the rule of direct infringement cannot be applied to manufacture, sales and dissemination of CAD documents of patented products. The non-physical character of CAD documents divorces itself from the rule of assistance infringement. Exceptions for non-commercial implementation shield the aforementioned conducts from liability. The "thought and dichotomy" rule under the copyright law seems helpless to protect functional features. Facing these challenges, it is feasible to apply the existing rule of joint infringement; however, it merits attention to prudently seeking balance between protecting right holders and preventing abuse of patent exclusive rights.     

A marriage of inconvenience: Miriam Makeba’s relationship with Stokely Carmichael and her music career in the United States

This article analyzes the career of famed South African singer, Miriam Makeba, in the United States. After finding success throughout much of the 1960s, Makeba’s career and public image shifted after her 1968 marriage to Stokely Carmichael, a noted Civil Rights activist and proponent of the Black Power movement. Once Makeba became associated with Carmichael and his reputation as an extremist, the American public, media, and music industry changed their approach to Makeba as an individual and as an artist throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. Ultimately, this union caused American audiences to turn on her and her music, and this essay explores how and why this shift occurred.     

Reliable Gait Recognition Using 3D Reconstructions and Random Forests – An Anthropometric Approach

Photogrammetric measurements of bodily dimensions and analysis of gait patterns in CCTV are important tools in forensic investigations but accurate extraction of the measurements are challenging. This study tested whether manual annotation of the joint centers on 3D reconstructions could provide reliable recognition. Sixteen participants performed normal walking where 3D reconstructions were obtained continually. Segment lengths and kinematics from the extremities were manually extracted by eight expert observers. The results showed that all the participants were recognized, assuming the same expert annotated the data. Recognition based on data annotated by different experts was less reliable achieving 72.6% correct recognitions as some parameters were heavily affected by interobserver variability. This study verified that 3D reconstructions are feasible for forensic gait analysis as an improved alternative to conventional CCTV. However, further studies are needed to account for the use of different clothing, field conditions, etc.     

技术、空间和权力——米歇尔·福柯的技术政治哲学

福柯作为20世纪最有影响的政治哲学家之一,在其权力-知识概念内自然不会放过对技术这一重要的现代性现象进行哲学的思考,并从微观政治学视角把技术看作是人操控自身的“自我技术”。在此基础上,他进一步从全景敞视主义出发就工厂、医院、学校等空间单元讨论了技术与权力的特定关系,其政治批判直接指向的是任何情景化的技术都是对人体的权力控制并由此造就了作为技术权力效应的“肉体-机器”这一“敌托邦”。沿此政治批判线索,其追随者和其他学者更是把全景敞视主义方法拓展到了对实验室、工业区域、互联网络和基因技术等的政治哲学分析,从“生物-权力”视角提出诸如“半机械人”、“半生物人”等概念,由此显现新兴技术对人体产生的权力控制效应。为了激发对这种技术控制的有效对抗,福柯试图复兴一种具有“生存美学”特征的地方性知识或技术,以摆脱占据统治地位的技术权力控制。     

经济转型与社会公平的悖论——来自俄罗斯的启示

经济转型的基本目标是为了提高效率,确保社会公正,然而在转型经济国家中几乎无一例外地存在转型与社会公平失衡的现象.虽然俄罗斯经济转型的目标预期、起点以及某些举措并没有完全违背公平原则,但却应验了"转型与社会公平不可能同时实现"的悖论.俄罗斯的"权力资本家"通过主导经济转型政策的供给,利用制约"权力市场化" 制度的缺失和其他利益主体在经济转型博弈中的弱势,形成自我加强和自我循环的"有权势者通赢"的畸形制度,严重地影响了经济转型与社会公平的和谐结合.实现"物本经济"向"人本经济"的转型,建立不同群体的平等诉求、平等博弈、互惠互利的利益分配机制,防范利益集团的"掠夺之手",是保证经济转型和社会公正和谐结合的重要条件.     

口蹄疫病毒单链抗体基因的构建及其推导蛋白三维结构的分子模拟

用口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)Asial/JS/China/2005株灭活抗原免疫家兔,从兔脾细胞中提取RNA作为模板,通过PCR及重叠PCR方法构建出FMDV的单链抗体基因.测序结果显示,序列中有重链可变区(VH)及轻链可变区(VL)基因,经Blast比较,发现VH、VL的相似性最高分别可达81.0%和93.0%,且在序列中有连接VH及VL的柔性接头(Gly_4Ser)_3.用EXPASY软件包预测了推导蛋白的特性.运用Swiss-pdb viewer软件的SWISS-Model处理器对构建的单链抗体基因推导的蛋白序列进行了三维结构的分子模拟.拉马钱德兰图证明,所模拟的单链抗体的三维结构较为合理.     

反不正当竞争法与知识产权法关系的司法政策的教义学展开

最高人民法院出台的有关反不正当竞争法与知识产权法关系的司法政策可化约为一项法律规则,授权法院在一定条件下援引反不正当竞争法为知识产权提供附加保护。这项政策的适用难点在于其适用条件。该政策的一阶适用条件为,知识产权法未予禁止的情形构成法律漏洞并且立法者未禁止法院填补漏洞。可是,存在一些阻却漏洞认定或填补的知识产权法律规则。只有为阻却漏洞认定或填补的规则设立例外,一阶适用条件才能成立。而为阻却漏洞认定或填补的规则设立例外以法院拥有对这些规则的续造权为前提。法院的续造权因此构成二阶适用条件。按我国国家机构权力配置的标准,法院应享有续造权。法院行使续造权应受论证负担规则的限制。     

Credible Empowerment and Deliberative Participation: A Comparative Study of Two Nuclear Energy Policy Deliberation Cases in Korea

What factors make deliberative participation of public policy effective? Why, in some cases, are participants in deliberation more motivated than others, and reach their final judgment in a timely manner, based on systematic processes of opinion gathering and consensus building? By comparing and investigating two recent cases of public participation in energy policy deliberation in Korea, we argue that deliberative participation is more effective when the prospect that the outcome of their activities might be accepted by decision makers is high. The two cases, the public deliberation committee (PDC) on the nuclear waste issue which operated from 2013 to 2015, and the PDC on the nuclear power plant construction issue which operated in 2017, show that they went through similar courses of action, and used similar methods for deliberation. However, while the 2017 PDC has produced clear‐cut policy recommendations, and the government have accepted these, the 2013 PDC failed to reach conclusions on the given critical issues. We argue that the difference in the results is caused by credible empowerment along with two other factors––the sensitivity of issues and the learning effect. Participants of deliberation tend to judge the possibility of the government’s acceptance of their opinions based on either the government’s direct announcement or its inclusiveness in the past policy history. If governments are willing to consult the public to increase legitimacy and transparency, they should send explicit signals to the public on its inclusiveness in the short term, and also should increase credibility in the long term.     

审判职能、说服责任与“案结事了”

本文从司法审判的特点、说服责任的性质与和谐价值的实现等方面。探讨了它们与“案结事了”的关系。在法治社会。法院的角色是根据证据裁判原则解决社会争端。诉讼各方必须履行说服责任,才能使法院判决具有可接受性,使争端得到终局性解决。法院作为国家审判机关．不应以调解优先,而应以增强证据意识、完善证据制度来实现案结事了。在刑事诉讼中．只有强化公诉人的说服责任,达到使事实认定者确信无疑的证明标准．才能减少冤假错案,实现案结事了。在民事诉讼中,应当遵循体现和谐价值的“不能采纳用以证明过错或责任的”证据规则．才能避免“善有恶报”、“案结事坏”的恶果。