毒品犯罪案件中特情侦查的程序控制——以4322件案例为样本的分析

对4 322件毒品犯罪案例的统计分析发现,在特情介入方面,我国各省份的认定比例、控辩审三方的认定态度以及特情的身份来源都呈现多样性,特情参与的案件以零包贩毒为主,内心常因被动且多有引诱行为,被告人适用重刑判决较为少见.反映在实务中则表现为特情的选择条件过于宽泛、案件范围背离规范、启动缺乏证据前提、过度介入以及监控失范等...     

立法权概论

研究立法权应界定法的内涵与处延。法的内涵具有以下属性 :时间性、空间性、事实性和价值性 ;法的处延是习惯法、制定法和判例法。立法是一定主体确立具有普遍效力的法规范和法规则。立法权的性质有合法性、统一性和民主性。中国现行的立法体制是一元性二级立法体制。一元性立法体制和复合性立法体制各有利弊。影响我国立法体制的理论因素是 :分权限立法理论、扩大授权理论和特区理论。立法权是主权的一部分 ,主权是有限相对的。     

比较法视野下的刑事诉讼启动程序改造

刑事诉讼是国家控制犯罪的能动反应,国家为了能够有效的控制犯罪,刑事诉讼的过程就必然伴随着国家强制力的运用,而国家强制力的介入势必影响作为公民个体的私权利。这样国家就必须在为保障公众的安全而随意的启动诉讼程序与为保护公民个体的私权利尽量少启动刑事诉讼程序之间作出一个明确的选择。由于各国法律传统和诉讼文化的差异,刑事诉讼的启动在标志上、条件上和方式上有着不同的认识与区别,其具有:案件输入、保障人权、案件分流的功能。目前我国刑诉启动程序中案件的输入功能欠缺,为此,必须降低立案标准,增强案件输入功能,把侦查行为的启动作为诉讼启动的标志。     

“软实力”相关研究综述与阐发

约瑟夫·奈提出的"软实力"概念,受到不同学科的研究者的关注和使用.为准确的把握并运用软实力这一概念,文章就软实力的相关研究状况和主要观点进行综述和评价.     

国家形象战略的逻辑模型及其对中国的启示

随着中国的综合国力和国际影响力的持续快速提高,中国国家形象的改善和提升已经成为决策界、学术界和媒体的热门话题。然而,目前相当多的人在使用软实力、公共外交和国家形象等概念时,没有厘清相互之间的逻辑关系,某些说法存在着模棱两可、逻辑混乱、互为因果的现象。本文尝试在辨析相关概念的基础上,提出一个国家形象战略的逻辑关系模型,以使学界对国家形象的生成和作用机制的认识更加清晰。根据这个模型的逻辑关系,作者提出了对中国推进国家形象战略的几点启示。     

Financial crises as catalysts for regional cooperation? Chances and obstacles for financial integration in ASEAN+3, MERCOSUR and the eurozone

This article compares and analyses the different answers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations+3 (ASEAN+3), Mercado Común del Dur (MERCOSUR) and the eurozone on financial crises in their respective regions. All three regions were hit by economic turmoil between 1997 and 2012, but whereas ASEAN+3 and the eurozone answered with establishing regional liquidity arrangements (RLAs) in order to fight future crises, financial cooperation did not take off in MERCOSUR. Thus, the paper asks why some regions establish RLAs in cases of crisis and others do not. It argues that the variance of regional financial integration in different world regions is due to different interests of regional powers in their respective regions. The regional powers of ASEAN+3 and the eurozone are institutionally and/or economically highly embedded within their respective regions, but this is not the case for Brazil in MERCOSUR. China and Japan suffered from negative externalities of the Asian crisis, and, consequently, have had an interest to stabilize their neighbours’ economies after the crisis. In contrast, Brazil was able to follow a beggar-thy-neighbour strategy at the turn of the millennium, which externalized some of the costs of Brazil's own economic crisis towards Argentina. As a result, Brazil has had no interest in providing liquidity for its regional neighbours after the crisis. France and Germany are not only economically but also institutionally highly embedded in the eurozone because they share a common currency with their regional neighbours. Thus, the stability of the eurozone is a vital interest for Europe's regional powers, and they devote significant resources to stabilize the economies of the eurozone's periphery.     

日本浪漫主义对欧洲浪漫主义的摄取

欧洲浪漫主义文学思潮产生于18世纪末的英德两国,继而影响法国,席卷欧洲大陆,点燃了北欧、俄国、美国以及亚洲的星星浪漫之火。借助欧洲浪漫主义的火种,在大约一个世纪后日本浪漫主义悄然兴起。日本浪漫主义虽然未能像欧洲浪漫主义那样在日本文学史上留下浓重的一笔,但也在欧洲浪漫主义的催发下,荡起了一串涟漪。吉田精一曾说过"日本近代文学离开欧洲文学的影响是不能成立的。"[1]众所周知,当一个国家的文学接受外来影响的时候,不是被动的,而是有选择的。通过对代表作家的个案分析,可以进一步理清日本浪漫主义和欧洲浪漫主义的文学关系。     

Social process as everyday practice: the micro politics of community-based conservation and development in southeastern Mexico

This article explores the everyday exchanges associated with community-based natural resources management in southeastern Mexico to suggest how formal and informal social practices shape conservation and development outcomes. Discussions of social process in most policy analyses emphasize formal exchanges based in rational action but typically overlook the impact of everyday social practices, which often occur “off-stage.” First, I build on existing conceptualizations of social process in the policy sciences by exploring culturally-informed approaches focused on everyday practice, infrapolitics, and performance. Second, I present a case study detailing the emergence and decline of a timber marketing fund to reveal how informal lending among community members contributed to the decapitalization of the fund. Third, I trace flows of economic capital from the fund in order to discuss specific policy outcomes. Fourth, I present ethnographic and archival evidence showing the persistence and frequency of informal lending, the performative aspects of local social process, and the character of “off-stage” interactions. I conclude with a discussion of social process that extends analysis beyond values-based outcomes to consider how long-standing practices based in particular logics (political cultures) collide with formalized (technocratic) practices of the public sphere. I employ this conceptual approach to critically examine questions of petty corruption and local conflict, to uncover multiple dimensions of micro political interaction, and to explore how cultural perspectives on social process might inform policy responses.

不同寻常的英国司法

在三种国家权力中,司法权是最不起眼的一种,其功能和作用一般说来都不如立法权和行政权那样成效显著和引人注目。但在英国,司法权却发挥了不同寻常的巨大作用,特别是在推进法治进程方面,堪称厥功甚伟。司法不但是引领英国法治文明的火车头,而且是支撑现代英国法治大厦的顶梁柱。英国司法之所以能够独树一帜,盖因其自身具有功能强大、结构优良、发展优先三大优势。     

芪玉三龙汤对肺癌移植瘤小鼠PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达的影响

目的 研究芪玉三龙汤对小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及对PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路调节的影响。方法 采用Lewis肺癌细胞培养移植法复制肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,荷瘤成功后随机分为模型组,化学治疗组,芪玉三龙汤高、中、低剂量组,联合组;观察小鼠的生存状态,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,计算抑瘤率;Western blot法检测荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白表达。 结果 芪玉三龙汤高剂量组、联合组生存状态优于化学治疗组;芪玉三龙汤对肺肿瘤具有温和的抑制作用,其高剂量抑制肿瘤生长作用较优,但量效关系不明显,其与顺铂联用无明显增效作用;芪玉三龙汤可以下调PI3K、Akt和mTOR表达水平,和顺铂联用对下调关键分子Akt的表达具有明显的协同作用。 结论 芪玉三龙汤对肺癌移植瘤的抑制作用可能与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路关键分子有关,与化学治疗药联用可协同下调关键蛋白Akt的表达。