宪法概念的分析整合与重新界定

有越来越多的学者对传统的宪法概念提出质疑 ,认为传统宪法概念未能揭示它的本质属性。笔者在几位学者明锐的思想及新颖观点的影响和感召下有所启示 ,并试着发表一点见解。笔者认为 ,宪法是调整国家权力在社会中的初次分配和从总体上赋予公民基本权利及协调二者关系的根本法。笔者认为这个定义明确指出了宪法的调整对象 ,揭示了宪法的根本属性 ,能清晰地表达宪法同其他部门法的关系 ,跳出了传统宪法理论的束缚     

Estimating the unintended participation penalty under top-two primaries with a discontinuity design

Participation in U.S. elections lags behind most of its developed, democratic peers. Reformers seeking to increase voter turnout often propose changes to the electoral system as means of addressing these shortcomings. One such reform, the top-two blanket primary, has been adopted in California and Washington in part to boost voter participation. Despite the promises of reformers, however, observers disagree as to its efficacy. In this paper, I estimate the participation penalty generated by top-two primaries using a regression discontinuity design (RDD). I estimate that general elections featuring two members of the same party – the arrangement reformers contend would increase turnout – actually decrease voter participation. I find that approximately 7% of voters “roll off” the ballot in the absence of party competition while overall turnout is unaffected. These results suggest that top-two primaries are likely to exacerbate rather than ameliorate trends in participation.     

原发性高血压早期肾损害中医证候学观察

目的:观察原发性高血压早期肾损害的中医证候学特点和规律。方法:对120例原发性高血压早期肾损害患者进行中医证候学分析,并以60例无肾损害的原发性高血压患者作为对照,统计分析不同中医证候积分。结果:原发性高血压早期肾损害患者以肝、肾证候及阴虚、气虚、血瘀证候积分最高,明显高于无肾损害的原发性高血压患者(P<0.01)。结论:原发性高血压早期肾损害的主要病机为肝肾阴虚兼气虚血瘀。     

养肝益水颗粒对原发性高血压早期肾损害患者肾叶间动脉血流的影响

目的:观察养肝益水颗粒对原发性高血压早期肾损害患者肾叶间动脉及肾主动脉峰值流速(Vmax)、阻力指数(RI)的影响。方法:70例辨证为肝肾阴虚或兼血瘀型原发性高血压早期肾损害患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例,治疗组给予养肝益水颗粒加西药常规治疗,对照组仅予西药常规治疗,观察治疗前后肾叶间动脉及肾主动脉Vmax、RI等指标的变化。结果:治疗后治疗组肾叶间动脉血流Vmax上升程度、RI下降程度与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗后肾主动脉Vmax均较治疗前有所升高,RI有所下降,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:养肝益水颗粒对原发性高血压早期肾损害患者肾叶间动脉血流有积极影响。     

Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements

Many scholars have examined the nature of campaign advertising strategy across differing contexts in U.S. elections. Little attention has been devoted to exploring the incentives that candidates face to appear — or not — in their own advertisements. We argue that candidates should seek to distance themselves from potential backlash stemming from more negative messages by not appearing in negative ads. We also expect that candidates should be more likely to appear in advertisements aired during primary elections relative to general elections because candidates should use ads in this election stage to introduce themselves to voters. Furthermore, incumbents should be less likely to appear in ads than other candidates because their constituents should not need to be introduced to them. Data on candidate-sponsored television advertisements collected across four years for four different offices provides support for our expectations and suggests that candidates make strategic decisions about when to appear in advertisements.     

对"轮训轮值"创建五年来的工作思考

"轮训轮值"是上海公安机关首创的"战训合一"教育训练新模式."轮训轮值"的成功创建和良性运转,对于构建现代警务机制和深化上海公安教育训练改革都起到了积极的促进作用."轮训轮值"将在今后的建设发展过程中不断优化和完善.     

新时期加强基层所队警务信息化建设的思考

基层所队警务信息化建设,是公安部“金盾工程”建设的基础;公安警务实战,离不开基层所队综合基础信息的支撑。而加强所队警务信息化建设则又是“基层基础年”加强所队基础工作的一个重要方面。为此,基层所队既要争取上级部门在硬件和科技上的支持和保障,更要强调在自身职责范围内夯实综合基础信息的根基。     

Nomination rules and the calculus of mobilization: Theory and evidence from Mexico

Does party organization shape candidates’ electoral mobilization efforts? I develop a novel theoretical account linking candidate selection rules to electoral mobilization. Nomination rules that require aspiring candidates to compete in electoral races, such as primary elections, create incentives for them to make considerable investments in order to win the party’s nomination. Using a decision-theoretic model, I show how these initial investments at the nomination stage shape the candidates’ mobilization expenditures in the general election. The main theoretical result establishes that primaries increase candidates’ mobilization efforts only when the general election is not expected to be competitive; when a close race is expected, candidates mobilize at the same rates regardless of how they were nominated. Analysis of an original dataset on candidate selection and electoral mobilization in Mexico provides strong support for the theory.     

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压证型分析

目的 观察2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的中医证候分布和演变规律。方法 共收集318例2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的病历资料,对患者的证型进行分析,并按病程分层对证候演变规律进行分析。结果 318例患者中,单纯虚证68例,占21.4%;单纯实证27例,占8.5%;虚实夹杂证223例,占70.1%。病程0～2年者可见以痰(湿)热互结为主的实证,病程2年以上者气阴两虚证最为多见,病程10年以上者多见脾肾阳虚证、阴阳两虚证。随着病程延长,血瘀证逐渐增多。结论 随着病程进展,2型糖尿病合并高血压的证型由热盛津伤、痰热互结逐渐向肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、脾肾阳虚、阴阳两虚证转化,血瘀证、痰浊证是贯穿于整个病程的常见兼夹证。     

50例原发性肝癌中医药介入干预状况与生存期关系分析

目的 探讨原发性肝癌中医药介入干预状况与生存期的关系。方法 回顾安徽省立医院中医肿瘤科收治的50例原发性肝癌患者,统计中医药介入干预起点、持续时间及患者生存状况。结果 50例原发性肝癌患者自主选择中医药干预介入治疗时,36例处于D期,4例处于C期,3例处于B期,7例未选择中医药治疗。平均KPS评分为71分;中医药干预时间共323个月,平均干预时间6.46个月;中医药干预起点与患者生存期无相关性（P>0.05）,而中医药干预时长与患者生存期呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。结论 原发性肝癌患者中医药介入干预时临床分期普遍较晚,生存状况有所下降;中医药干预起点与患者生存期无相关,其干预时长与患者生存期呈正相关。