新藤黄酸诱导卵巢癌A2780细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的 研究新藤黄酸对卵巢癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能的机制。方法 采用MTT检测新藤黄酸对卵巢癌A2780细胞存活率的影响,采用fluo-3AM染色荧光显微镜观察新藤黄酸对A2780细胞钙离子水平的影响,采用Hoechst 33342染色荧光显微镜观察细胞的凋亡率,采用PI染色流式细胞仪检测新藤黄酸对细胞周期的影响,采用Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色流式细胞仪检测新藤黄酸对细胞凋亡率的影响,采用Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果 MTT检测结果表明,新藤黄酸对卵巢癌细胞A2780的增殖具有抑制作用,且抑制作用具有明显的剂量依赖性;fluo-3AM染色荧光显微镜下观察,可见各浓度新藤黄酸均能升高A2780细胞内钙离子水平,且呈现浓度依赖关系;PI染色流式细胞仪检测结果表明,新藤黄酸能阻滞A2780细胞于G0/G1期;Hoechst 33342染色和Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色流式细胞仪检测结果表明,随着新藤黄酸浓度的增加,A2780细胞凋亡率呈现增高的趋势;Western blot检测结果表明,新藤黄酸可以促进凋亡相关蛋白p53、细胞色素C以及Caspase-9表达水平升高。结论 新藤黄酸具有抑制卵巢癌A2780细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞发生线粒体凋亡的作用。     

和中降逆贴穴位贴敷治疗大肠癌mFOLFOX6方案毒性反应临床观察

目的 观察和中降逆贴穴位贴敷减轻大肠癌化学治疗所致毒性反应的效果。方法 将72例大肠癌化学治疗患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组患者单纯采用mFOLFOX6化学治疗方案（5-氟尿嘧啶+亚叶酸钙+奥沙利铂）,观察组患者采用mFOLFOX6方案化学治疗联合中药穴位贴敷。化学治疗第1、3、6天,分别观察两组患者消化道毒性反应、白细胞毒性反应及口腔黏膜毒性反应。结果 化学治疗第1、3、6天,对照组消化道毒性反应分级比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组消化道毒性反应分级比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组3个时点白细胞毒性分级比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组3个时点口腔黏膜毒性反应分级比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组化学治疗第6天和第1天消化道毒性反应分级变化比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组白细胞毒性分级变化、口腔黏膜毒性反应分级变化比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 和中降逆贴穴位贴敷可有效缓解大肠癌患者因mFOLFOX6化学治疗方案所致的消化道症状。     

212例初诊肺癌中医证候分布特点

目的 用聚类分析方法探求初诊肺癌的中医证候规律。方法 采用病案回顾法,记录212例肺癌患者的基本情况和相关中医证候,建立信息数据库,并对其中医症状进行系统聚类分析。结果 纳入统计分析的肺癌中医症状为83条,频数高的前10位分别是咳嗽、痰少、痰质黏稠、痰白、纳呆、胸闷、苔白腻、痰中带血、面色白、气促;筛选出频率≥10%及部分频率＜10%但对诊断有意义的44个症状作为基础变量进行聚类分析,得出痰热阻肺证、痰湿蕴肺证、气滞湿阻证、肺脾气虚证、瘀阻肺络证5类中医证候。结论 聚类分析能从客观角度进行肺癌中医证候分类,并初步确立各证候的诊断要点,为肺癌的辨证论治提供理论基础。     

复方葛根芩连汤治疗脾虚肝郁、痰瘀内阻型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝临床观察

目的 观察复方葛根芩连汤治疗脾虚肝郁、痰瘀内阻型2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）的临床疗效。方法 将60例患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例,在基础治疗的基础上,对照组采用非诺贝特治疗,治疗组予以复方葛根芩连汤治疗,治疗3个月后观察两组患者治疗前后中医证候评分,空腹血糖（fast plasma glucose,FPG）、糖基化血红蛋白A1c（glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c）、空腹胰岛素（fasting insulin,FINS）、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平,采用B型超声观察肝脏脂肪样变化情况。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后中医证候评分,血清FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著降低（P<0.05）,HDL-C水平显著升高（P<0.05）;治疗组治疗后中医证候评分以及血清FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC水平降低值和HDL-C水平升高值均大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后肝脏B型超声分级较治疗前明显改善（P<0.05）,而对照组治疗前后B型超声分级比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 复方葛根芩连汤治疗脾虚肝郁、痰瘀内阻型T2DM合并NAFLD的临床疗效确切。     

Estimating the unintended participation penalty under top-two primaries with a discontinuity design

Participation in U.S. elections lags behind most of its developed, democratic peers. Reformers seeking to increase voter turnout often propose changes to the electoral system as means of addressing these shortcomings. One such reform, the top-two blanket primary, has been adopted in California and Washington in part to boost voter participation. Despite the promises of reformers, however, observers disagree as to its efficacy. In this paper, I estimate the participation penalty generated by top-two primaries using a regression discontinuity design (RDD). I estimate that general elections featuring two members of the same party – the arrangement reformers contend would increase turnout – actually decrease voter participation. I find that approximately 7% of voters “roll off” the ballot in the absence of party competition while overall turnout is unaffected. These results suggest that top-two primaries are likely to exacerbate rather than ameliorate trends in participation.     

固相萃取--紫外导数光谱法测定肝中心得安含量

文章给出了肝中心得安的固相萃取--紫外导数光谱法.肝中心得安用GDX403树脂吸附然后用甲醇洗脱,用二阶紫外导数光谱测定心得安的含量.该法简便快速,方法的回收率和检出限分别为80.6%±3.4%和1.8μg/g.     

Nomination rules and the calculus of mobilization: Theory and evidence from Mexico

Does party organization shape candidates’ electoral mobilization efforts? I develop a novel theoretical account linking candidate selection rules to electoral mobilization. Nomination rules that require aspiring candidates to compete in electoral races, such as primary elections, create incentives for them to make considerable investments in order to win the party’s nomination. Using a decision-theoretic model, I show how these initial investments at the nomination stage shape the candidates’ mobilization expenditures in the general election. The main theoretical result establishes that primaries increase candidates’ mobilization efforts only when the general election is not expected to be competitive; when a close race is expected, candidates mobilize at the same rates regardless of how they were nominated. Analysis of an original dataset on candidate selection and electoral mobilization in Mexico provides strong support for the theory.     

中药富硒酵母对闽中麻鸡肝和小肠细微结构的影响

选择1日龄闽中麻鸡396只,随机分为4组,A组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,B组、C组、D组在基础日粮中分别添加2、3、4 g/kg的中药富硒酵母,试验为期49 d,研究了日粮中添加中药富硒酵母对闽中麻鸡肝和小肠发育的影响.于第7、21、35、49 d每组随机抽取6只鸡,采取肝和小肠各段,Bouin液固定,制作石蜡切片,光镜观察;第49 d取A组和D组的肝和空肠,25 mL/L戊二醛固定,制作超薄切片,电镜观察.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组肝的平均质量和器官指数大多高于对照组;肝细胞线粒体增多增大,枯否氏细胞内溶酶体增多;小肠绒毛和肠腺长于A组;空肠柱状细胞的微绒毛增长.证实,基础日粮中添加中药富硒酵母能促进鸡肝和小肠的发育,改善肝细胞和小肠黏膜的细微结构.     

Untimely Economies of Survival

This article takes the recent turn against hope in breast cancer activism as a point of entry into a broader examination of speculative economies of science that creatively imagine, materialize, and manage futures in the present. It argues that untimeliness – anticipatory, simultaneous, porous, and prognostic in its articulation – captures these alternate arrangements of life and action as they are mobilized in cancer research that hails healthy women as experimental subjects to participate in clinical studies.     

Blaming the victim: Belief in control or belief in justice?

The attribution of responsibility to victims of bad fate (“blaming the victim”) is discussed under the perspective of Just World Theory (Lerner, 1980) and the Defensive Attribution Hypothesis (Walster, 1966; Shaver, 1970). Whereas Just World Theory suggests that the belief in a just world is the decisive motive of increased attributions of responsibility, the Defensive Attribution Hypothesis assumes that these attributions are motivated by the need to believe in internal locus of control. Research evidence shows both motives as conceptually linked and empirically correlated. The central question is whether belief in a just world and belief in internal control are facets of the same latent variable or empirically distinguishable constructs, and whether they contribute independently to attributions of responsibility and blame to victims of misfortune. Results of a questionnaire study assessing opinions about cancer and cancer victims are reported. There is evidence from factor analyses that the two motives are indeed distinguishable constructs. The correlation patterns and the results of multiple regression analyses show that both motives are meaningfully related to attributions of responsibility. Moreover, it is suggested that belief in a just world is not a homogeneous construct. Belief in immanent justice according to which present misfortune is seen as a consequence of prior faults and sins is differentiated from belief in ultimate justice according to which one can be sure that present misfortune will be compensated in the long run. Whereas belief in immanent justice is the most important predictor for attributions of responsibility, the suggested emotional consequences of such attributions, like belief in invulnerability or confidence in coping, can be predicted by belief in internal control and belief in ultimate justice. Finally, suggestions are made to extend Just World Theory to clarify the function of justice motives in the person's search for meaning in his or her life.