我国行政监察立案程序中的案件初步审查问题研究

行政监察的立案程序作为行政监察案件程序的启动程序，是行政监察案件处理的重要环节，其中的初步审查程序对于案件当事人的“行政命辱”有着重要影响。本文以行政程序公正与效率相统一的价值理念为基础，认为现行的行政监察法律制度问题在初步审查环节上主要表现为：立案条件规定不合理、立案标准设置不具体、缺乏必要的审查措施、缺乏审查时效制度。在对前列问题进行深入分析的基础上，提出了完善初步审查程序的制度设计。     

原发性脑干损伤组织学诊断要点

目的 探讨人头面部受击致原发性脑干损伤的组织病理学诊断标准。方法 用171例脑干损伤者的脑干颅神经根部作水平切块,HE染色光镜下观察;另取50例非脑干损伤死亡者作对照。并用统计学方法分析两组所见病变。结果 损伤组见脑干浅表部(32.7％-55.6％)或脑干内部挫伤(57.9％-85.9％)、颅神经根部损伤(动眼神经70.2％,面及位听神经53.8％,三叉神经49.7％等)、星形胶质细胞反应性增生、肥大(34.5％-57.3％)及水肿(19.3％-57.3％)改变,与对照组相比,脑干的挫伤、颅神经根部损伤和星形胶质细胞反应性增生、肥大有显著差异(P<0.001),水肿无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论脑干浅表部和/或脑干内部挫伤、颅神经根部损伤及星形胶质细胞反应性增生肥大可作为原发性脑干损伤的诊断依据。     

根据肝脏死后改变推断死亡时间的研究进展

机体死后会发生一系列的改变,是腐败的过程,也是器官组织细胞自溶的过程。在司法实践中,通过研究肝脏死后改变,可以更准确的推断死亡时间,为案件的侦破提供线索。本文综述了近几十年来,利用肝脏死后变化推断死亡时间的研究进展。     

Acute fatal acetaminophen overdose without liver necrosis

Two unusual cases of suicidal overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol) without the usual extensive centrilobular necrosis of the liver are reported. Both cases were subjected to comprehensive drug screening by immunoassay, and a combination of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, nitrogen detection, and electron capture detection. Acetaminophen was detected in both cases. No other drugs were detected in case #1, and only a small amount of olanzapine (<0.1 mg/L) was detected in case #2. No anatomical cause of death was identified in either case. If untreated, the normal outcome of a large acetaminophen overdose would be massive hepatic necrosis with delayed death and low blood and tissue acetaminophen concentrations. In contrast, particularly high postmortem acetaminophen concentrations were measured in both our cases with little hepatic tissue damage. For case #1, femoral blood acetaminophen 1280 mg/L, vitreous 878 mg/L, and liver 729 mg/kg; in case #2, cardiac blood 1220 mg/L, vitreous 779 mg/L, liver 3260 mg/kg, and gastric 11,500 mg/500 g. Acetaminophen was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (254 nm) using 3-hydroxyacetanilide as the internal standard. The very high concentrations of acetaminophen is these cases but relatively little hepatic damage suggests an alternative, possibly cardiac, mechanism of death.     

液基细胞学技术对减少临床医疗纠纷的应用价值

目的探讨液基细胞学技术对于减少临床医疗纠纷的价值。方法对1531例样本分别用液基细胞学方法和传统巴氏涂片技术进行宫颈细胞学涂片制作,其中液基细胞学方法分别用新柏氏耗材和昂佰氏耗材;涂片根据TBS 2001标准进行诊断;细胞学诊断为LSIL以上病变(包括LSIL、HSIL、SCC和AC)者组织活检进行组织学诊断;应用SPSS11.0软件进行数据分析。结果液基细胞学方法同传统巴氏方法相比,在标本满意度、敏感度、特异度和准确性、假阴性率和误诊率等方面有显著统计学差异(P<0.05),新柏氏和昂佰氏获得结果之间无明显差异。结论液基细胞学技术可以有效提高宫颈癌普查的诊断水平,从而有效防止和减少医疗纠纷的发生;昂佰氏耗材可以替代新柏氏耗材进行液基细胞学检查。     

The Devil's Lettuce: Primary Caregivers have the Constitutional Right to Distribute Medicinal Marijuana to Their Terminally Ill Child

Pediatric cancer is a tragedy that affects many American families. Despite the effectiveness of pediatric cancer treatments, patients experience adverse side effects that can be relieved by medical marijuana. However, medicinal marijuana is only lawful in twenty‐eight states, including the District of Columbia. This Note proposes that all fifty states enact compassionate‐use statutes permitting parents to lawfully possess and distribute the herb to their terminally ill child (between the ages of five to fourteen) to alleviate the effects of cancer treatments. Medicinal marijuana use provides pediatric cancer patients with better‐quality lives and the determination to win the war against cancer.     

腐败肝脏中氯氮平的高效液相色谱分析方法研究

目的　建立腐败肝脏组织中氯氮平的高效液相色谱分析方法。　方法　采用HypersilODS柱 (15 0mm×4.6mmid ,5 (m) ,流动相为甲醇 :水 (80 :2 0 ) ,内含 0 .0 2 5mol/L的磷酸二氢钠和 0 .0 1mol/L的十二烷基磺酸钠 (SDS)(PH5 )。检测波长为 :2 2 2nm ,2 2 8nm和 2 5 9nm。　结果　用该方法从腐败肝脏组织中检出氯氮平。　结论　所建立的高效液相色谱分析方法适用于腐败生物检材中氯氮平的检识 ,能为法医鉴定工作提供方法。     

公平与效率的多重关系及其现实选择

公平与效率相互关系中的“公平” ,是指经济公平 ,而且主要是指收入分配的公平。收入分配的公平包括起点公平、过程公平和结果公平三个方面 ,前两者与效率之间不存在矛盾。公平与效率之间的矛盾 ,主要体现在分配结果比较均衡与效率之间存在矛盾。在公平与效率的两难选择中 ,必须坚持效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。在初次分配中必须注重效率 ,发挥市场的作用 ;在再分配中必须注重公平 ,发挥政府对收入分配的调节职能。     

益肝颗粒对急性肝损伤小鼠肝功能的影响

目的：观察益肝颗粒对急性肝损伤小鼠肝功能的保护作用。方法：益肝颗粒分别以1.33，2.67，5.33g／kg灌胃给药，连续8d，末次药后用D-氨基半乳糖盐酸盐(D—Gal)复制急性肝损伤小鼠模型，24h后测定总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AsT)含量。结果：益肝颗粒能明显降低模型小鼠的AST、ALT和TBIL含量。结论：益肝颗粒对肝功能有良好的保护作用。     

An Autopsy Case of Acute Massive Hematochezia Caused by Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis: A First Report in Forensic Medicine

Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT) is an uncommon cause of intestinal ischemia and massive gastrointestinal bleeding. This report describes a man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, who died of massive hematochezia due to SMVT. A medicolegal autopsy disclosed a thrombus at the superior mesenteric vein and hemorrhagic infarction of the bowel wall, an area also within the territory of the superior mesenteric vein. Liver cirrhosis, an enlarged spleen, and esophageal varices without rupture were also observed, but ulcers and variceal bleeding were not. Other organs showed no significant findings. His blood alcohol level was 0.14% w/v. Thus, this man died from severe hematochezia associated with SMVT due to liver cirrhosis and alcohol dehydration, which can lead to coagulopathy and rapid progress of thrombus formation. This is the first report on an alternate cause for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a cirrhotic patient in a forensic autopsy.