Medium‐Chain Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Adulthood: A Potential Diagnosis in a Patient with Mental Status Changes Suspected of Drug Toxicity

Medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a rare but important component of the differential diagnosis for adults with a history of premortem mental status changes and the postmortem finding of hepatic steatosis. This case report describes a 30‐year‐old white man who, following a period of nausea and vomiting, was admitted to the hospital with sudden mental status deterioration followed rapidly by clinical deterioration and death. Treating physicians in this case suspected acute illicit drug toxicity with synthetic cathinones based on social history. Clinicians and medical examiners should be aware that the presentation, signs, and symptoms described may indicate an underlying inborn error of metabolism such as MCAD deficiency and take action accordingly.     

Effectiveness of a Cancer Education Program for Women Attending Rural Public Health Departments in North Carolina

SUMMARY

The Western North Carolina Cancer Awareness Program (CAP) was a four-year program, funded by the National Cancer Institute, to increase education and support services for the prevention and early detection of breast, cervical, and skin cancer among women receiving care in six rural county public health departments. Three health departments were selected as intervention units, and the remaining three health departments served as comparison units. Women age 20 and older were randomly selected in each health department. Women in the intervention group received a comprehensive health education program that included easy-to-read printed materials and telephone counseling dealing with breast, cervical, and skin cancer. Theoretical guidelines for development of the intervention program included the PRECEDE Model and the Health Belief Model. Overall, the results indicated that personalized education, which includes the combination of readable printed materials and telephone contact, can be effective in increasing some early detection behaviors for breast and skin cancer among women who attend public health departments. The value of telephone counseling as a comparatively inexpensive approach to individualizing health education has significant implications for the development of similar cancer education programs for underserved populations.     

食管癌患者放化疗后中医证型的相关影响因素

目的 观察消风散加减方联合依巴斯汀治疗风热型荨麻疹的临床疗效。 方法 将63例风热型荨麻疹患者按随机数字表法随机分为治疗组（n=32）和对照组（n=31）,对照组患者口服依巴斯汀,治疗组口服依巴斯汀和消风散加减方,疗程2周。治疗前、治疗7 d末、治疗14 d末,分别观察两组患者荨麻疹活动度评分（urticaria activity score,UAS）和皮肤病生活质量指数（the dermatology life quality index,DLQI）,治疗7 d和14 d末,分别观察两组临床疗效。 结果 治疗前和治疗7 d末,两组UAS及DLQI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗14 d末,两组UAS和DLQI比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗7 d末和14 d末,两组UAS和DLQI均较前一时点显著降低（P<0.05）。治疗14 d末,两组临床疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。两组荨麻疹痊愈时间以及复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 消风散加减方联合依巴斯汀治疗急性荨麻疹疗效确切,其长期疗效优于单用依巴斯汀。     

利用不同温度下人肝细胞DNA降解参数推断早期PMI

目的对不同温度下人体肝细胞DNA降解状态进行多参数定量分析,得出温度相关的多元回归方程。方法选取13例已知PMI的人体离体肝脏,在死后13～34h内,分别在10℃、20℃及30℃条件下,每隔1h取材,进行细胞学涂片,Feulgen-Vans染色,选用图像分析系统检测几何参数（ID）及灰度参数（AOD）指标,对不同温度的检测指标进行多元回归分析,得出相应的回归方程。结果温度相关的肝细胞DNA降解推断死亡时间的回归方程：Y=25.789-0.656XT-41.958XAOD＋3.262XID（XT=10,20,30）。结论温度及反映DNA含量的各个参数与PMI存在较强的相关性,可以将温度作为参数引入方程用于推断PMI。     

The temporal fate of drugs in decomposing porcine tissue

Drug levels in decomposed individuals are difficult to interpret. Concentrations of 16 drugs were monitored in tissues (blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and soil) from decomposing pigs for 1 week. Pigs were divided into groups (n = 5) with each group receiving four drugs. Drug cocktails were prepared from pharmaceutical formulations. Intracardiac pentobarbital sacrifice was 4 h after dosing, with tissue collection at 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h postdosing. Samples were frozen until assay. Detection and quantitation of drugs were through solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis. Brain and kidneys were not available after 48 h; liver and muscle persisted for 1 week. Concentration of drugs increased during decomposition. During 1 week of decomposition, muscle showed average levels increasing but concentrations in liver were increased many fold, compared to muscle. Attempting to interpret drug levels in decomposed bodies may lead to incorrect conclusions about cause and manner of death.     

痰热清联合抗生素治疗食管癌术后早期重症肺炎的临床疗效

目的 评价痰热清联合抗生素治疗食管癌术后早期重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法 将52例食管癌术后早期重症肺炎患者随机分为对照组（26例）及治疗组（26例）,对照组给予抗生素、营养支持、对症处理等基础治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用痰热清注射液治疗;观察两组患者治疗前、治疗第7天、第14天时白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）水平,两组患者的机械通气时间、重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）住院天数、第14天的治疗有效率、第28天死亡率及并发症发生率。结果 两组患者治疗后第7天和第14天,WBC、CRP、PCT均较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）;治疗组WBC、CRP、PCT与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组患者机械通气时间及ICU住院时间明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,第28天的死亡率明显小于对照组（P<0.05）;两组患者的并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 痰热清联合抗生素治疗食管癌术后早期肺部感染疗效显著,能显著缩短病程,改善预后。     

加味香砂六君子汤防治大肠癌术后化学治疗患者复发转移临床观察

目的 观察加味香砂六君子汤对大肠癌术后化学治疗患者复发转移的影响。方法 2014年9月至2015年9月,共纳入78例大肠癌术后患者,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组39例。对照组采取常规化学治疗方案,至少连用6个周期;治疗组在常规化学治疗基础上口服加味香砂六君子汤。随访2年,主要终点为大肠癌术后复发转移,次要终点为任何原因导致的死亡。用Kaplan-Meier法分析各组大肠癌术后累计生存率的差异。结果 与对照组比较,治疗组具有较高的1年累计无病生存率（97.44% vs 94.87%,P=1.000）和显著升高的2年累计无病生存率（92.31% vs 71.79%,P=0.018）,治疗组无疾病进展生存期明显延长（P=0.021）。结论 加味香砂六君子汤能降低大肠癌术后化学治疗患者复发转移率,显著提高患者的术后生存期。     

调脾化痰法联合西药治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病脾虚痰阻证临床观察

目的 观察非酒精性脂肪性肝病脾虚痰阻证患者采用调脾化痰法治疗的临床效果。方法 将80例患者随机分为西药组和联合组,每组40例（最终每组脱落2例）。西药组患者口服西药阿托伐他汀钙片,联合组患者口服调脾化痰汤联合西药阿托伐他汀,两组均治疗2个月（即2个疗程）。观察两组患者中医证候疗效,治疗前后分别检测血脂［总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C）、三酰甘油（triglycerin,TG）］和肝功能［丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine transferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate transferase,AST）］水平。结果 两组患者中医证候疗效分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者TC、LDL-C、TG、ALT、AST水平均显著下降（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前后TC、LDL-C、TG、ALT、AST差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗过程中联合组未见明显不良反应。结论 对非酒精性脂肪性肝病脾虚痰阻证的治疗,中药联合西药的疗效优于单纯西药。     

虎地肠溶胶囊对宫颈癌放射治疗致急性肠损伤的防护作用

目的 探讨虎地肠溶胶囊对宫颈癌患者放射性肠损伤的治疗效果。方法 将54例宫颈癌患者随机分成对照组和观察组,每组27例,对照组予以同步放射治疗和化学治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用虎地肠溶胶囊;观察两组放射性损伤发生的时间、严重程度;放射治疗前后采用磁共振小肠造影（magnetic resonance enterography, MRE）检查肠损伤程度;采用欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织的30条目生活质量问卷（The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire Count 30, EORTC QLQ C30）评估两组患者放射性治疗前后生活质量。结果 观察组放射性肠损伤出现时间较对照组显著延迟（P＜0.05）;两组放射性肠损伤分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MRE检查结果显示,两组放射治疗后小肠黏膜均明显增厚（P＜0.05）,观察组肠黏膜厚度增加程度显著小于对照组（P＜0.05）。EORTC QLQ C30显示虎地肠溶胶囊能够明显改善放射治疗致急性肠损伤的宫颈癌患者的生活质量。结论 虎地肠溶胶囊可有效延缓宫颈癌患者放射治疗后放射性肠损伤的发生,改善放射治疗后肠壁的水肿状态,提高患者生活质量。