Gang activity in English prisons: The prisoners’ perspective

Abstract

Gang activity in American prisons has resulted in serious problems for prisoners and staff. This study assessed prisoners’ perceptions of gang-event frequency in the UK. Interviews with 360 prisoners from nine prisons in England and Wales indicated gang-related events were perceived as more frequent in all male categories of prison than they were in female institutions. Prisoners reported drug possession and prisoner groups being formed along regional origins as the most frequent gang-related activities. Recidivists perceived higher levels of gang-related activity than did first-time prisoners. Gang-related variables also predicted prisoners’ perceptions that groups of prisoners have more control over events in the prison than do staff and that order in the prison may not be maintained. The merits of interviewing prisoners and the implications of the results for maintaining order in prison are discussed.     

When Law and Order Returned to Denmark

The international trend toward increased use of punishment has been visible in Denmark since the early 1990s and has accelerated in the first years of the new millennium. As in other countries the trend cannot be explained by changes in crime or a political turn to the right. The increased use of punishment in (post) modern societies undoubtedly has a very complex background. The primary explanation put forth in this article is that it is based on a radical change in the human conditions and in the way people relate to their world. It is an existential revolution and, as such, it has emerged ‘from the bottom’ of society. This suggestion is not offered as an alternative to existing explanations that have been mainly dealing with factors and matters ‘from the top’ of society, such as changes in and of the political system (e.g. populism), the mass media (e.g. alarmism), the social organization of society (e.g. bureaucratization and/or industrialization), and globalization (e.g. imitation and/or internationalization of penal law). Rather, the hypothesis should be viewed as an important supplement to these existing theories and explanations.     

The Fall of the Finnish Prison Population

At the beginning of the 1950s, the prisoner rate in Finland was four times higher than in the other Nordic countries and among the highest in Europe. However, the steady decrease that started soon after the Second World War has continued, and in the beginning of the 1990s Finland reached the Nordic level. The paper discusses some backgound factors behind this ''success story''. In addition, the paper examines the relation of prisoner rates and recorded crime. A comparison between the Nordic countries reveals that the major crime trends have been practically similar despite striking differpractices ences in the use of imprisonment. As concluded in the paper, the decrease in the prison population is one of the major victories of Finnish crime policy.     

从陕北煤矿生产现实状况看矿业权流转改革

矿业权流转制度的提出,在矿产资源市场化道路上迈出了一大步,但是我国矿产资源法对矿业权流转的相关规定依然存在一定局限性。适应我国市场经济体制改革的不断深化,充分发挥市场在资源配置方面的决定性作用,有必要进一步完善矿业权流转制度。矿业权流转市场体系的构建包括一级出让市场和二级转让市场。完善矿业权流转制度需要重视矿业权流转配套法规与技术性标准建设。     

西方自由贸易理论与发展我国劳动密集型产业的思考

我国拥有丰富而且廉价的劳动力资源,以劳动要素和资源禀赋差异形成的比较优势参与国际分工。带动了国内劳动密集型产业的快速发展。但这种优势目前正在面临挑战。要努力实现人力资源优势由数量型向质量型的转变,将比较优势转化为竞争优势,营造核心竞争力,推动产业升级。     

论我国地方政府问责制之建构：问题与对策

我国地方政府问责制之建构和运行正在推进,亟待深化研究加大其力度.审视其现实情境可以看到,在"谁来问责"、"如何问责"、"如何定责"与"何以为制"等问题上认识、规制和运作层面还存在诸多问题.这些制约因素对地方政府问责制的完善和运行效度的实现极为不利.因此,提出促进建构与完善我国地方政府问责制,以优化问责资源配置的基本构想与路径选择.     

可持续发展战略与我国环境资源立法的完善

可持续发展战略是联合国环境与发展大会确定的未来共同发展战略。我国《中国21世纪议程——中国21世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》提出了可持续发展战略、对策及行动方案。我国虽然在环境资源方面立法基本建立了环境与资源法的法律体系,但是尚缺将可持续发展作为环境与资源立法的指导思想。因此本文针对目前我国环境与资源及立法存在的实际问题,提出以可持续发展作为环境与资源立法的指导思想,修改我国《宪法》、《环境保护法》及有关环境与资源的法律、法规,制订统一《自然资源保护法》、《环境污染税法》、《环境保护投资法》及《环境与资源教育法》,完善我国环境与资源立法体制。     

中国后扶贫时代中的返贫风险控制策略——基于风险源分析与人力资源开发视角

党的十九届五中全会明确将“巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果”作为“民生福祉达到新水平”的重要任务。巩固扶贫成果的关键在于防止返贫,而防止返贫的关键在于控制返贫风险。基于新中国农村扶贫的实践与政策分析,当前中国存在救济型扶贫、保障型扶贫、易地搬迁型扶贫、开发型扶贫和参与型扶贫五种扶贫模式,可以分析比较出不同扶贫模式下返贫的直接风险源和根本风险源。借助人力资源开发理论与方法,可以从自我开发、培训开发、岗位开发、干部开发、组织开发等方面实现风险控制,为地方政府与领导干部防止返贫风险与实现乡村振兴提供了有效参考。     

穿越公私法分界线:自然资源国家所有权委托行使模式

基于我国自然资源自身的特点和自然资源国家所有权行使的实际情况,"统一代表行使+委托行使"模式成为重构自然资源国家所有权行使模式的现实选择,大体呈现出"代表行使—统一代表行使—委托行使"的层级结构。委托行使模式作为代表行使特别是国务院统一代表行使的具体实现方式,以集中统一行使为前提,以将国家所有权界定为私法所有权和实现国家所有权行使与监管权行使的真正分离为基础,横跨公私法两个疆域。委托行使在法律上的实现不仅要求国家所有权穿越公私法的分界线到达私法所有权的彼岸,而且需要使委托关系超越公私法律关系,成为一种新型法律关系。委托行使模式目前可通过委托协议来建立,将来应当通过自然资源特别法完成相应法律构建。