核准追诉低龄未成年人刑事责任的程序定位及其重要展开

从程序上看,核准追诉低龄未成年人刑事责任的行为属于侦查程序的行为,而不是立案程序或审查起诉程序的行为。因而报请核准追诉的时间应当分为两种情况:一是在需要逮捕被追诉人的案件中,侦查机关应当在提请批准逮捕的同时报请核准追诉;二是在无需逮捕被追诉人的案件中,侦查机关在确定查明的事实与收集的证据符合核准追诉条件时,就应当立即报请核准追诉。根据这种程序定位,在核准追诉的证据方面,应当根据我国《刑法》第17条第3款规定的实体法事实确定证明对象,根据审查批捕标准确定核准追诉的证明标准;在核准追诉的当事人参与权与救济权方面,应当听取未成年犯罪嫌疑人及其辩护律师的意见,还应当听取被害人及其近亲属的意见,被害人及其近亲属不服不予核准追诉决定的,不可提起自诉,但可以申请复议一次。     

THE AMERICAN RESPONSE TO PAKISTANI AND IRANIAN NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION: A STUDY IN PARADOX

This article explores the paradox in the reaction of the United States to the two different proliferation cases: Pakistan's proliferation and Iran's weaponization effort. The article tries to find answer to the following key question; why the United States, as one of the guardians of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) which would prefer to see a region that is entirely free of weapons of mass destruction, ultimately has accepted Pakistan's proliferation, while imposed considerable amount of pressure to stop Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.

The paper posits that number of factors explain such differences; first, and at the theoretical level, Pakistan was never considered an “irrational” and “messianic” state like Iran, but regarded as a country with a certain degree of cold-war type nuclear rationality. Second and at the applied level, while Pakistan was a US ally with not having a history of challenging the United States, Iran has been considered enemy and a threat toward the US interest.

Third, while Pakistan's nuclear arsenal was viewed as a defensive mean against overwhelming strength of India, Iran's possible nuclear arsenal considered to be for offensive uses against the United States and Israel. The fourth factor pertains to the consequences of proliferation, which is what happens when Iran's neighboring countries may feel threatened by Iranian nuclear weapon and proceed to develop their own arsenal. Fifth factor deals with the possible Iran's temptation to give some nuclear material to a terror group in which made the United States serious in preventing Iran's weaponization. Last but not least, Israel was not involved to pressure and agitate against Pakistan, while it was applied a tremendous pressure against Iran to prevent it from achieving nuclear weapons.     

公诉权滥用论

在当下我国强化检察监督的背景下,应当对公诉权滥用的问题予以关注和研究。实践中,不该起诉而起诉、随意变更公诉、恣意重新起诉是公诉权滥用的主要形态。对公诉权滥用的成因需要进行深入的语境化分析,相应地构建庭前起诉审查程序、引入刑事诉因制度、实现撤回起诉规范化、不起诉后再诉的规范化、再审抗诉规范化、司法管理现代化以及将法官职务犯罪的侦查权从检察权中剥离,以防范公诉权的滥用。     

Investigators and Prosecutors or, Desperately Seeking Scotland: Re-formulation of the 'Philips Principle'

Prosecution in England and Wales, traditionally private, was captured by the 'new police', creating an 'English tradition' unlike those of the rest of the United Kingdom. To overcome consequent problems, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure recommended the 'Philips principle', whereby investigator and prosecutor were separate, but co-ordinate, on which basis the Crown Prosecution Service was set up. However, the principle was in fact compromised by the 'English tradition', most obviously by permitting continued police prosecution. Moreover, the Serious Fraud Office, set up shortly thereafter, contradicted the principle. Yet, HM Customs and Excise addressed its serious problems by applying the principle. The CPS itself encountered difficulties flowing from the compromises. Reports (Runciman, Narey, Glidewell) recommended various devices, straining the principle, until the Auld Report recognised that reformulation was necessary, along the lines adopted elsewhere in the United Kingdom, that is, by recognising that there should be investigator subordination to prosecutor.     

将现代企业绩效考核理念融入边检机关绩效考核的探讨

边检机关的绩效管理尚处于绩效考核阶段,而且现行的绩效考核存在诸多问题,特别是未建立完善一个标准的绩效考核指标体系。将企业绩效管理的理论引入边检机关的绩效管理中,特别是应用企业绩效管理的方法(BSC与KPI),融入发展性评价的理念,结合边检机关的自身特点,建构边检机关绩效考核指标体系,并在此基础上将现行单纯的绩效考核引向系统的绩效管理,建立边检机关绩效管理系统,这能对边检机关绩效管理提供借鉴。     

European integration from the agency theory perspective

European integration is a process in which national governments look for higher levels of integration and promote new requests for allocations from the supranational authority while the balance between the benefits and costs of the supranational collective action becomes increasingly favourable. This process may be analyzed as an agency problem where different national governments, acting as principals, try to lead a single agent—the supranational authority—to make a decision on the level of integration. In this paper, decisions on integration of equilibrium are studied as the result of a non co-operative two-stage game, where national governments outline their political support strategies in the first stage and the supranational authority decides the level of integration in the second stage. JEL Classification D72     

论和谐侦查的目的

侦查目的就是侦查想要达到的境地或得到的结果。侦查目的的变化，必然导致侦查价值和功能的损益。欲构建和谐侦查，就必须从侦查目的观的变革和转型着手。侦查目的的现有理论包括：公判准备说，公诉准备说和侦查独立说，此三种学说各有优劣。和谐侦查的直接目的是查清事实真相，获取证据，抓获犯罪嫌疑人；间接目的是为起诉和审判做准备，助益社会和谐。     

行政诉讼被告三题

现行立法对确定行政委托被告的规定不尽合理。应在立法上将行政委托和行政代理相区别;在审理行政代理案件时,应将代理机关和被代理机关列为共同被告。对复议维持决定应进一步区分真伪,对真复议维持决定应明确以原行政机关为被告。在原告起诉多个被告,其中有不适格的被告时,法院应先予释明,如原告坚持原诉时,应裁定驳回其起诉,而不应拆分原告的起诉,分别下判。     

被害人报警意愿的诉讼法视角分析

刑事被害人学已成为刑事法学界研究的热点，但对被害人报警意愿的研究相当匮乏。以刑事诉讼法具体的程序操作层面为分析路径，解读被害人不愿报警的法律原因，建立检察机关的起诉政策间接影响公安机关记录活动与被害人报警意愿的双重模式。     

论认罪认罚案件量刑建议精准化

随着认罪认罚从宽制度的广泛适用,检察机关不断加大量刑建议精准化改革力度。量刑建议精准化改革在理论与实践两个维度备受争议,其原因在于控辩双方具结活动的形式化、“明显不当”标准的模糊化、检察机关工作内容的复杂化,以及控审机关沟通关系的紧张化。对此,破解之道在于科学地把握量刑建议精准化改革背后的公诉权力变化,以此为前提统筹采取应对策略,包括划定精准刑量刑建议的适用范围、明确精准刑量刑建议的主要标准、推进审前具结活动的实质改造、提升精准刑量刑建议的质量水平、健全量刑建议的调整方案等方面,由此才能真正提升量刑建议精准化改革的实务成效。