利他保险合同下任意解除权的利益失衡与解决路径

在利他保险合同下,我国保险法赋予投保人较强"任意性"的合同解除权,此造成被保险人或受益人保险金请求权的落空,有违"利他"之初衷.《保险法司法解释三》虽以被保险人或受益人的"赎买权"维系利他保险合同的存续,但却难以切实实施.借以行政法比例原则的适合性、必要性以及比例性三个子原则对投保人任意解除权制度予以审查,投保人任意解...     

《劳动合同法》实施以来劳动关系新变化以及工会应对策略研究

<劳动合同法>实施以来,其积极影响正在显现,特别反映在对劳动合同制度的规范和企业用工方式的引导上.但是,劳动合同法实施期间,国际金融危机的爆发与影响,使我国劳动关系的状况出现了复杂的局面,在一些领域劳动关系的矛盾和问题重义加剧.面对复杂形势工会的应对需从几个方面人手:坚持推进<劳动合同法>等各项劳动法律的实施;重点关注劳务派遣法律规制的充实与完善;学会因应不同经济环境的工作思路的转换和工作方法的调整;大力推进集体协商集体合同制度,强化工会的集体劳动关系调整作用;力促政府政策调整,在保民生基础上振兴经济.     

School and Neighborhood Contexts,Perceptions of Racial Discrimination,and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents

The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.

Unraveling the Chinese Miracle: A Perspective of Interlinked Relational Contract

This paper is an attempt to provide an explanation for the socioeconomic foundation which underlies China’s economic miracle. As suggested by the theory of interlinked contract, the transition from a planning economy to a market economy is a multifaceted process. In terms of market dynamics interlinking markets replace specialized markets, while in terms of governance dynamics, interlinked contracts give way to formal contracts. A good match between the markets structure and contractual structure is key to the success of transition. In particular, some China-specific institutions, like TVEs, the financial system and the restructuring of SOEs can be better understood within this framework. Broadly, the whole reform package in China also is in good accordance with the spirit of interlinked contract. Wang thanks Project 985 of Fudan University, China Social Science Foundation Project (05CJL014), the MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities (07JJD790130 and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B101) for financial support. Thanks also go to Sam Bowles, Sujian Guo, Peter Zeitz and anonymous referees for their helpful comments. Errors are solely ours.     

Contract Spirit and Kindness System: Constructing of New Government-society Relationship in Purchase of Services from Good Governance Perspective

As an innovative approach of social governance mechanism under the good governance perspective, purchase of services is currently the necessary requirement of transforming government functions and constructing the new government-society relationship, and it is also the important way of stimulating the vitality of social organization and meeting the public needs. Since China’s purchase of services system is still in its infancy, how to establish a cooperative relations of independent, equality, mutual trust between government and society to promote the achievement of expected effectiveness of purchase of services policy, and it has become currently the core issues of constructing new government-society relationship. This article points out that there exist government being community, the lag of legal system and lack of mutual trust and other multiple characteristics and practical problems in the construction of government-society relationship of purchase of services; and then based on the analysis for its roots and from the perspective of good governance theory, the paper creatively introduces contract spirit and kindness system and seeks the effective ways to construct a new government-society relationship of firmness and flexibility from the structural reform, legal system construction, mutual trust mechanism and other aspects, so that making purchase of services truly become an innovation of social governance mechanism.     

论房屋征收补偿协议要式化的困境与出路

房屋征收补偿协议的法律属性是行政契约,征收人的签约行为是一种要式行政行为。我国相关法律规范对房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的主体、程序、内容与方式等进行了要式化构造。通过考察房屋征收补偿的地方法律规范、裁判文书以及征收补偿实践参与者的感受,可以发现补偿协议签约行为要式化在实践中存在征收人权力行使恣意、被征收人的契约性权利遭受严重侵害的困境。落实与完善房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的要式化法律制度,应以"权力与契约的整合"为法理指引,建立签约阶段主体地位平等关系,利用签约程序规制行政权力,提升签约内容的合意性以及强调签约方式的合作性,并在上述理念指引下,以限定签约主体范围与进行信用管理,完善前置程序、签约期限与救济程序,优化奖励制度、协商机制与生效要件,实施违法监督与行政问责等为具体出路。     

税法的交易定性理论

交易定性在税法分析中占有举足轻重的地位。交易定性围绕认定纳税主体、税收客体的有无、定性和量化以及由此延伸的税收管辖权等税企争议的关键环节展开。在单一合约交易,法律关系与交易定性具有同一性,税法与私法呈协调与融合状态;在复合交易、"名—形"冲突或"名—实"冲突的虚假交易,合同性质与交易定性分道扬镳,税法与私法呈现冲突与龃龉。实务中,交易定性应从行为和所得主体的"名—实"冲突或"形—实"冲突、"法律关系"和"交易定性"的协调与冲突、税收客体的"定性"与"定量"的决定关系中来把握,凸显税收活动的法律属性、交易定性与法律关系的辩证关系和税法追求实质正义的精神气质。     

中国社会转型下的心理福利与社会支持

中国以经济体制改革为先导的社会转型,对社会生活的各方面都产生深刻影响。医疗服务私有化与价格上涨、社会快速流动与分化,可能严重影响民众心理福利。但鲜有研究考察社会转型的心理福利后果及社会支持的调节作用。本文利用2005年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS2005),检验了医疗支出负担、社会地位及其比较、社会支持同城乡居民心理福利的关系,并在中国性别结构失衡问题日渐暴露的背景下,关注了婚姻作为重要的社会支持机制在其中的角色。结果表明,相对剥夺感对心理福利存在普遍影响,市场化转型更可能损害社会弱势群体的心理福利。在中国转型社会,社会支持对心理福利存在保护功能,且可以缓冲医疗支出负担加大和相对被剥夺地位对农村居民心理福利的负面影响;婚姻的功能角色呈现多元化,既加大了医疗支出负担的负面影响,也强化了其他社会支持的保护作用。研究发现对理解和改善社会转型的心理福利后果,提供了重要的指引和借鉴。     

‘Til Death Do Us Part: Affidavits of Support and Obligations to Immigrant Spouses

This article analyzes the use of a federal affidavit of support, a required document that forms part of all family immigration petitions to overcome public charge grounds of inadmissibility. The federal statute mandating affidavits of support was altered in 1996 in an attempt to make them contractually binding, even after the dissolution of marriage. Further, affidavits of support implicate not only obligations between spouses, but also deeming analysis for public benefit eligibility. Case law interpreting these affidavits of support is scarce and varied, but trends, patterns, and contested issues are emerging. Yet courts have not settled on any theory and practice for incorporating these affidavits into their decisions related to family dissolution. This article provides an introduction to affidavits of support and an initial effort to frame the most critical issues related to them that arise in family litigation. This article also highlights some of the key strategic issues and caveats for litigants and parties.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• An introduction to affidavits of support and the immigration law context in which it exists
• A review of trends, patterns, and contested issues emerging in available judicial decisions in state and federal courts
• Key strategic issues and caveats for litigants and parties on the use of affidavits of support

     

Certainty of Terms and Leases: Curiouser and Curiouser

The common law rule that requires leases to have a fixed terminus from the outset is one that has been much criticised. In Berrisford v Mexfield Housing Co‐operative Ltd, the Supreme Court managed to blunt its effect by suggesting that most leases of uncertain duration can be transformed into 90‐year tenancies. However, it is suggested that their Lordships have possibly misunderstood and overstretched an ancient common law ‘rule’ and have not fully considered some of the implications of their decision.