知识产权法"利益平衡说"之反思:自然法与功利主义之比较

“利益平衡说”被认为是知识产权法之基本原则或基本精神,旨在平衡权利人个人利益与社会公共利益之冲突,并以此解释知识产权法的制度构成。依自然法理论,知识产权之正当性因其自然获得性,相关权利与限制是确定权利的正当边界,维护以个人权利为基础之社会契约。功利主义理论则认为知识产权保护是实现社会效用之必要工具,经由排他性权利及其限制来达至社会效用最大化。无论限制或保护权利均有可能产生对权利或社会效用的正面或负面作用。由此,利益平衡的二元价值目标论值得商榷。知识产权法的根本问题是以个人权利为导向还是以社会效用为终极价值之选择问题。     

Psychological assistance to victims throughout difficult trials

In France, only very recently have victims begun to be assisted throughout "difficult" trials. We have developed different hypotheses to think over the function of psychologists when they step in to help out victims of criminal offences. Moreover, we have developed an argument for the need to set up units of medical and psychological assistance for certain difficult trials. Among other topics, we discuss the victims' expectations for psychic and/or affective reconstruction during trials. We suggest that penal trials can "potentially" heal victims, but more often than not they are "potentially" traumatic. We support our arguments with clinical examples that come from our personal experience of providing psychological assistance to victims.     

略论我国合同法上违约金性质的演变 ——从《经济合同法》到《合同法》的考察

我国自1949年建国以来,合同法上的违约金制度主要经历了两个阶段,即《经济合同法》时代和《合同法》时代的违约金制度,我国合同法上的违约金的性质也随着《经济合同法》时代到《合同法》时代的变迁而发生演变。《经济合同法》时代依托的是我国社会主义计划经济以及计划经济向市场经济转轨的阶段,这一时代的违约金具有惩罚性与补偿性相结合,以惩罚性为主,以补偿性为辅的性质;《合同法》时代依托的是社会主义市场经济阶段,这一时代的违约金的性质相较于《经济合同法》时代已经发生了演变,它的性质演变成以补偿性为原则,以惩罚性为例外。     

关于对新《集体合同规定》的几点认识

《集体合同规定》的颁布实施是我国劳动法律法规体系进一步健全的重要标志,体现了在原来《集体合同规定》基础上的进步,工会工作者必须坚持依靠党委领导和政府的支持,服务大局,加强学习,建章建制,深入贯彻落实《集体合同规定》,切实维护劳动者和用人单位的合法权益。