论公款使用人的共犯责任

本文从司法实践的角度对挪用公款罪中公款使用人的共犯责任进行了探讨,并对使用人构成挪用公款罪共犯的条件及其刑事责任等进行论述,认为挪用公款罪中公款使用人只能是个人,私有公司、企业的所有者、经营管理者则可成为挪用公款罪的共犯。     

Public Choice at the Intersection of Environmental Law and Economics

Management of environmental assets begins with a commons and ends with various legal institutions that assign property rights and control. Each step in the evolution of these legal institutions involves collective decision making. Public Choice analysis helps to explain the decision making process and institutional characteristics that emerge. A survey of Public Choice literature that addresses environmental issues illustrates how Public Choice sheds light on outcomes for the U.S. experience. In the absence of Public Choice theory, law and economics scholars would be hard pressed to explain why costly forms of environmental regulation seem preferred to apparently more efficient institutions and why the body politic seemingly accepts a high-cost, low-output outcome.     

突发公共卫生事件中谣言的产生机理和因应策略——基于一个历史比较和社会心理分析的视角

突发公共卫生事件期间,谣言的蔓延既容易引发社会性恐慌,又有损于政府公信力,极大地影响了疫情的整体性治理。阻遏谣言不能简单依靠多元主体参与辟谣,而需要洞察谣言作为群体性无意识活动背后的社会心理诉求和意识形态表达。整理汇集2020新冠肺炎2003非典型肺炎1910东北鼠疫和1894粤港澳鼠疫期间流行的谣言,通过建立一个历史比较的框架,分析和解释重大疫情谣言规律性重现的原因,即谣言的产生是公众世界观秩序被扰乱后的慌忙重构、公众意识形态的集体具象化和公众渴望深度介入公共事务的表达。鉴于此,谣言的治理必须建立在对谣言随疫情变化规律的掌握上,设置预防性前置性的工作机制,综合运用多渠道多机制进行防治。     

债权的侵权法保护及其法理构成

侵权法中的权利并不以社会典型公开性为必要,权利属性的界定取决于归属效能与排他功能。以此为判断标准,债权基于其不同的面向,在侵权法中具有双重属性:债权的归属具有权利的属性,其利益内容主要表现为处分及受领;债权的实现利益不属于债权的归属效能,也不具有排他功能,具有利益的属性。后者进一步体现为实现给付利益相关之债务人意志、责任财产、给付客体及债务人人身。无论是作为权利还是利益的债权,不当得利制度、契约制度等法律部门固然能够对第三人侵害债权提供部分救济,但是从法理上及交易需求角度看均不排斥侵权法的救济;而且基于侵权法的救济与制裁功能,债权的侵权法保护有其必要性。从债权的侵权法保护的构成要件角度看,侵害债权归属即可征引违法性,其主观过错并不限于故意;对于债权给付利益的侵害,因债权并不拘束第三人,因此其违法性应以行为不法为判断基准,经由制定法对行为之特别禁令或违反公序良俗完成违法性之判断,而主观要件原则上仍然需要存在致损之故意。     

保护规范理论的展开与问题——联立公司诉北京市东城区人民政府行政复议案评析

“联立公司案”是“刘广明案”后最高人民法院另一起对保护规范理论予以详尽阐释的裁判案例。通过对全面查找根据规范的要求、对未明示当事人的归纳以及对考虑要求的纳入,本案裁判对保护规范理论进行了大幅扩展,也在一定程度上纠正了行政审判对此理论的适用偏差。但因为涉及分配行政下如何界定公法权利/私法权利,进而界定行政诉讼/民事诉讼,以及如何弥合事实影响和规范要素等复杂难题,本案裁判也存在一定论证局限并提示出诸多未尽问题。     

Managing Local Intergovernmental Revenues: The Imperative of Diversification

Abstract

Municipal governments have employed a variety of strategies to address their ongoing revenue crises throughout the past several decades. One such strategy that has been employed with great consistency is the use of intergovernmental revenues (IGR). Given this trend, coupled with the fact that we know little about the dynamics of IGR, this paper presents one of the first multi‐year examinations of its use at the local level. Using data from 76 villages and cities in Cook County, IL (greater Chicago) for 1996–2000, we examine IGR use from the perspective of revenue diversification. The analysis indicates that during this period, local governments in Cook County (1) diversified their own‐source revenues and decreased dependence on the property tax; (2) maintained a consistent dependence on IGR; and (3) diversified and significantly altered their IGR structures. We also examine the demographic and organizational correlates of IGR diversification, and find it to be unrelated to characteristics such as population, property tax base, professional administration, and organizational capacity. As a result, we conclude that IGR diversification is a strategy that ought to be considered by all municipalities regardless of size or structure.     

Social Return on Investment Analysis of Government Purchases of Social Service Projects

Whether government purchases of public services is worth？It draws great attention from the public, but the objective method has not been found to respond to this issue. Concerning the value measurement in government purchases of social service projects, this paper examines the applicability of the existing evaluation methods, reconstructs evaluation models based on the Social Return of Investment (SROI) analysis model, and makes a preliminary study of one case. The study found that SROI not only can fully describe all the stakeholders’ input, output and outcome in the project, but can quantify the cost, effect and a return on investment, which checked whether services have created a default value of efficiency, quality, effect and fairness. However, SROI still faces restrictions on calculating cost and effect, collecting assessment data and effect pricing of stakeholders. Consequently, this paper suggests to establish evaluation criterion of project value, to build information platform of public service evaluation, and to develop relevant analysis tools, thus we can construct value measurement framework of government purchases of social service projects.     

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度的科学内涵

社会主义基本经济制度决定着我国经济制度的性质与经济发展的方向,对我国社会主义现代化建设起到根本性和全局性作用。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来我们党运用科学社会主义基本原理,从我国实际出发,不断丰富和发展社会主义基本经济制度的科学内涵。党的十九届四中全会对社会主义基本经济制度内涵进行三位一体的新概括,充分发挥社会主义基本经济制度在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化上的显著优势,这是马克思主义政治经济学中国化的最新成果,标志着社会主义基本经济制度更加科学、更加定型。     

论消费者保护视角下缺陷产品召回制度的完善

为确保企业履行产品安全保障义务,美国创设了缺陷产品召回制度,以促使企业承担社会责任、维护消费者利益与公共安全.美国的缺陷产品召回立法完善,召回主体和范围明确,在保护消费者人身和财产安全方面发挥着积极的作用.我国新修改的《消费者权益保护法》从保护消费者权益的角度,明确了产品召回与消费者权益保护的关系,但我国的产品召回机制,从立法到实施都具有相当的局限性,影响其功能的正常发挥.为保护消费者的利益,有必要检讨我国缺陷产品召回之规定.作为对现实的回应,应统一产品召回立法,明确产品召回主体的范围,扩大产品召回对象的范围,并在产品召回程序中完善消费者的参与,进而实现保护消费者权益、维护社会公共安全和稳定经济秩序之目的.