Establishing a health promoting setting: an experience in an albanian polyclinic

A “health promoting polyclinic” based on the “health promoting setting concept” has been developed in Tirana, the capital of Albania. This paper discusses the implementation and intervention of the project, whereas the final evaluation results will be presented in another article. An important aspect of the whole program is the training of the administrators and staff members in the necessary skills relating to their allocated roles, such as creating a healthy environment, health education, outreach activities and total quality management. In this approach the International Relief Organization (IRO) acting as an external agent took the initiative of enabling, mediating and advocating, as well as providing support for the polyclinic's staff and its clients. The model appears to be effective in promoting health at the secondary health care level (the polyclinic). This may encourage health planners to adopt a similar concept at other settings i.e. general or specialized hospitals.     

Assessing Americans' Opinions About the News Media's Fairness in 1996 and 1998

This article reports an analysis of Americans' opinions about the news media's fairness in covering public affairs. The data come from the 1996 and 1998 National Election Studies, which contained variables tapping exposure to and opinions about the news media, as well as key political dispositions?partisanship, ideology, and opinion about presidential and congressional job performance?and a plethora of demographic variables. The data show that people who adhere to traditional moral codes and are misanthropic tend not to trust the news media to cover politics fairly. In a presidential election year, opinion about the president's job performance affects perceptions of the press's fairness. In an off-year election, however, opinion about the president's job performance is replaced by opinion about how the Congress has been doing its job. In addition, perception of how the media covered the Lewinsky scandal also influenced opinion about the press's fairness in general.     

Challenging the Ongoing Injustice of Imprisonment for Public Protection: James,Wells and Lee v The United Kingdom

The Government has recently abolished Imprisonment for Public Protection, a highly controversial form of indeterminate sentence. Yet, at the time of writing, nearly 6,000 inmates are still serving such sentences, all of whom will have to convince a Parole Board that detention is no longer necessary for the protection of the public. This paper evaluates recent European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence which considered the legality of post‐tariff detention in the absence of suitable rehabilitative provision. The Court held that there would be a violation of Article 5(1) if prisoners were held without access to such provision. Consideration is given to the implications of this ruling for those serving such sentences and, more broadly, to the impact it may have on risk‐based sentencing policies.     

名誉侵权中的公共利益目的抗辩——新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的特殊免责事由

《民法典》第1025条规定了针对新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的公共利益目的抗辩,首次将新闻报道、舆论监督等行为的特殊免责事由写入法律。它需要弥补此前实务中引入的公众人物理论的不足,提供确定性规则。依据宪法,名誉权与表达自由均未被赋予绝对优先的地位,公共利益目的抗辩需要平衡好两者的关系。在适用时,可通过价值填充与规则再造实现法规范的进一步具体化。前者指根据法规范的目的及内容完成价值填充,后者指限缩案件范围,区分公共利益的界定主体与确认主体,将公共利益目的抗辩融入我国侵权责任法体系中,在个案中审慎开展利益衡量。     

Bridging the gap between judges and the public? A multi-method study

This article examines the gap between Dutch judges and the public in terms of preferred severity of sentences. It focuses on one particular explanation usually given for the gap: the lack of case-specific, detailed information on the part of the general public. Findings from three studies are reported and combined: (a) a survey among a sample from the Dutch population (N = 2,127), (b) a sentencing experiment with judges in Dutch criminal courts (N = 180), and (c) a sentencing experiment, using the same case materials as with judges, but now with a sample from the Dutch population (N = 917). Results show that providing the public with detailed case information indeed reduces severity of sentences preferred. Moreover, those members of the public who were given short and unbalanced newspaper reports preferred much harsher sentences than did those who were given the full case files. However, despite such a reduction in punitiveness as a result of information, the public’s preferred sentences remain much more punitive than judges’ sentences pertaining to exactly the same case files.

Misunderstanding Corruption and Community: Comparative Cultural Politics of Corruption Regulation in the Pacific

This paper will take as its empirical foundation the author’s experience of corruption and regulation in small Pacific island states. The argument is that notions of corruption and strategies for its regulation suitable for modernized societies, which lack cultural specificity and community engagement, may in fact stimulate corruption relationships in transitional cultures. The other consequence of the imposition of inappropriate definitions and regulation strategies is a profound misunderstanding of communities of dependence. In fact, corruption control can misconstrue and exacerbate economic and political dependence environments, fostering the conditions for corruption which accompany socio-economic development. Two remedies are suggested. First, corruption requires an appreciation which is ‘community-centered’, while at the same time not being neutralized by disconnected cultural relativity. Second, an enterprise theory of corruption in modernized societies and international political/commercial entities may assist in the relevant translation of global anti-corruption policies in a way which advances good governance in traditional communities. This is so when corruption is conceived as dependant on phases of modernization, and the tensions which arise when the interests of societies at different phases intersect. Corporate citizenship and compliance with anti-corrupt business practices by major corporations with a commercial interest in these transitional economies may be more beneficial than deference to uniform international codes of governance.

论建立健全政府应对突发事件的舆论引导机制

在现代信息社会,突发事件的新闻传播越来越快,影响也越来越大,加强政府在突发事件中的舆论引导机制建设非常重要。突发事件发生后,舆论传播往往具有公众对信息的饥渴性,媒体报道的热衷性,政府信息发布的权威性,信息传播的先入为主性等特点,根据这些特点,做好应对重大事件和突发事件的舆论引导机制建设对于平抑事态、稳定民心具有十分重要的意义。     

企业家政府理论对我国公安管理的启示

企业家政府理论诞生于英美,将其与我国的公安管理理论相结合,以求在借鉴该理论的基础上,找出解决我国公安管理中遇到的问题的新思路、新办法。现行公安机关管理体制是典型的科层制,在实践中难免会遇到科层制在当今信息化、市场化的背景下运作时所产生的种种弊端,而企业家政府理论正是为解决科层制的弊端而生,这为我们将其纳入公安管理的研究视野提供了充分的理由。     

公共危机治理中的政府责任

作为公共权力执掌者,在公共危机的多元治理主体中,政府必然处于主导地位,承担必要的责任。本文分析了政府公共危机应急管理的特殊性及其政府有效履行责任的必要性,在此基础上从充分合理行使公权力,强化政府责任意识;建立危机管理财政保障体系,加强资金监管;倡导危机治理理念,积极培育危机治理非政府主体;完善公共危机治理法制建设,践行依法行政四个方面对政府在公共危机治理中应承担的责任进行界定。     

坚持科学发展 开创信息警务新格局——以澧县公安局信息警务为视角

基层信息警务的内涵是情报信息主导警务,它是以局域网络为平台、以情报信息研判和应用为核心,充分发挥信息资源优势的一种警务运行模式。当前,随着时代信息化、信息全球化的快速发展,新的治安形势给公安机关提出了更新的要求,建立信息警务已成为基层公安工作可持续发展的必由之路。近年来,澧县公安局以科学发展观为指导,认真贯彻落实公安部"三项建设"精神,立足长远,大胆探索,强力推进四大信息基础建设,开创了"全警采录、全警共享、全警研判、全警应用"的信息警务新格局。