技术进步的政府规模与美国技术变迁

技术进步已经成为国际关系研究的重要议题.本项研究试图通过二战后美国技术进步的个案展示:在美国面临苏联挑战的时期,美国技术进步的政府规模在极大地扩展.美国政府加大了对研发的投入和采购.而伴随着大规模、集中化的研发资金注入和政府采购,美国技术得以克服技术瓶颈,实现了重大的技术进步.因此,国家安全往往是推动技术进步的强大动力.而世界重大技术呈现周期性变动的背后可能是由国际政治权力转移的周期所牵引.     

Indian spies inside Pakistan: South Asian human intelligence across borders

This article examines India’s historical efforts to spy inside Pakistan from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. It draws from memoirs of notable Indian spies who were jailed for espionage in Pakistan and spy ‘fiction’ written by former Indian intelligence and military officers who allege their writing is based on actual cases. The article highlights commonalities among Indian spies using the words of Indian officers to better understand human intelligence efforts inside Pakistan. It finds that Indian spies in these books have initially been Hindus or from multi-religious families, from the Indian-Pakistan border and have been poorly treated by the Indian government and its intelligence services.     

Automated detection and classification of counterfeit banknotes using quantitative features captured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Counterfeiting of banknotes is still a severe crime problem in many countries. One of the most significant issue for solving the crime is to classify the counterfeit types and identify the sources. Most of the current methods to classify counterfeit banknotes rely on manual examination that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, these methods only detect surface features which can be easily imitated through advanced printing technology. In this study, an automated method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and machine-learning algorithms was proposed to classify different types of banknotes based on the internal features. A spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) system was employed for sub-surface imaging and quantitative assessment of banknotes. A total of 29 Chinese 100-Yuan banknotes were collected, in which 4 of them were real and 25 of them were counterfeiting by three different printing processes. Each banknote was imaged 10 times in 3 distinct regions, which resulted in a dataset of 290 samples. Each sample was characterized by extracting 2 A-scan (OCT signal intensity along depth) based features and 14B-scan (cross-sectional OCT images) based features. Several machine-learning models, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), were built and optimized as the classifiers that were trained using 203 samples and applied to predict 87 testing samples. The best performance was achieved by SVM classifier in which the sensitivity of 96.55% and specificity of 98.85% were obtained in discriminating between authentic and counterfeit banknotes, and the sensitivity of 94.67% and specificity of 98.22% were obtained in predicting the types of counterfeit banknotes. These classifiers were also evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where A-scan and B-scan derived features from OCT images have been used for the detection and classification of different types of counterfeit banknotes.     

司法警察端源考证

人民法院司法警察是人民警察的重要警种之一,是维护审判秩序,保障司法公正、权威的重要武装力量。然而,这样一支司法行政执法力量,其诞生和发展并不是与我国古老而悠久的司法体制与审判制度应运而生的。我国司法警察的发端起源与中国司法制度和审判制度的变迁以及中国警察制度的建立有着千丝万缕的联系,我国司法警察制度的建立发展又带有深刻的西方警政思想的烙印。     

广西与马来西亚经贸合作研究

加强广西与马来西亚的经贸合作是建设中国-东盟自由贸易区的重要内容,是双方保持自身快速持续发展的现实选择,也是双方形成新的经济发展驱动力和实现区域平衡发展的必由之路。本文对广西与马来西亚经贸合作的背景进行阐述,分析广西与马来西亚经贸合作的成效及存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出对策建议。     

柬埔寨农业研究体系概况

文章在介绍近期柬埔寨农业政策、农业科研体系的研究内容、机构构成及相互联系等基础上,对柬埔寨国家农业研究体系进行综述,并提出云南省与柬埔寨进行农业合作的互补建议。     

商业贿赂犯罪案件特点及侦查对策

商业贿赂犯罪在经济领域内有一定的普遍性,发生领域具有特殊性,隐蔽性很强,大案要案和窝案串案发案比例很高,其行贿对象的具有可选择性。商业贿赂犯罪案件侦查中存在侦查主体不统一,容易造成冲突。犯罪发现难、立案难、取证难和突破难等诸多问题。只有灵活运用谋略,采取恰当的侦查措施,才能更加有效地提高打击商业贿赂犯罪的准确性和办案效率。     

以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理——源起、架构与研究问题

政府绩效管理兴起二十多年来,已由西方国家应对财政和信任危机、提高行政效率的工具拓展为各国政府改革和创新的重要内容,新公共管理的实践价值和理论优势在其中都得到了充分体现。但其理论缺陷和实践中的困惑,特别是在公共价值方面的冲突使学术界的探索从未停止过。本文通过对中国、美国、日本等国的实践案例考察,从制度变迁和公共行政学术史两个层面的质性研究,提出了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理理论体系框架。文章首先从"公共性"、"合作生产"和"可持续"三个方面对新公共管理背景下的政府绩效管理进行了反思,认为公共价值对政府绩效合法性具有本质的规定性。其次,初步论证了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理的两个基本命题——政府绩效是一种社会建构、产出即绩效;认为只有来源于社会的政府绩效才能获得合法性基础,也只有根植于社会的政府绩效才能产生其可持续提升的需要,这是政府绩效管理的根本动力;而在政府绩效价值建构基础上的科学管理,才能保证政府产出与社会需求的高度一致,充分体现科学管理的价值。再次,从这两个基本命题出发,以价值管理和管理科学理论为基础,构建起了以公共价值为基础的政府绩效治理模型,并对模型中政府绩效的价值建构、组织管理和协同领导系统等主要内容进行了阐述。最后,从模型如何"落地"、政府绩效管理的价值分析和研究拓展等方面提出了未来的研究方向。     

华人新移民研究评析

新华侨华人研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义.做好新移民的研究工作,有利于他们在当地长期生存和发展,有利于我国的改革开放和现代化建设,有利于我国同华侨华人所在国的关系,有利于所在国的民族团结和经济发展.近年来,国内外学术界对新华侨华人的研究取得了可喜的进展,既有宏观研究,也有微观研究,还有比较研究.但是以往的研究对现象解释多,理论探讨少,对策研究也不够.因此,我们应加强理论、方法和应用对策研究,掌握第一手资料,把握学术史的发展,弥补研究中的薄弱环节,深化新华侨华人研究.     

国内行政哲学研究现状分析——以1989--2008年CNKI篇名含“行政哲学”的文献为分析对象

行政哲学作为一门仍处于襁褓之中的新兴学科，它的的一些基础性问题，如行政哲学的研究对象、行政哲学的研究内容、行政哲学的研究方法等都有待于学者作进一步的探寻与思考。通过对已有的文献进行分析和总结，期望能够推动国内行政哲学研究的进一步发展。