韩国—东盟FTA建立的背景与内容解析

韩国与东盟的自由贸易协议(FTA)起步较晚,直到2005年12月才达成《全面经济合作框架协议》,排在中国、日本与印度之后。但韩国积极推进FTA战略,在中、日、印3国之前与东盟完成了FTA所需协议文本的签署,使得韩国—东盟FTA与中国—东盟FTA同时于2010年1月1日建成。本文对韩国与东盟签订FTA的背景及内容进行了较为详细的解析。     

From Top-Down to Trickle-Up Influence: Revisiting Assumptions About the Family in Political Socialization

A growing number of theorists are calling for a revival of research on political socialization based on the premise that children are active in their own civic development. We advance this argument a step further by proposing a model of family communication that reverses the roles of parents and children as conventionally understood in political socialization. Adolescent children are not merely receptive to political stimulation; they possess the power to transform patterns of family communication in ways that benefit themselves and their parents. We first challenge a series of interrelated assumptions about the nature and direction of influence in the family. We then document evidence of "trickle-up influence," in which child-initiated discussion--stimulated by a civics curriculum--prompts the parent to increase her civic competence via increased news media use, knowledge gain, and opinion formation. The parent's response reflects her desire to maintain a leadership role in the family, and more important from a theoretical perspective, it reveals the intrinsic forces of family adaptation that can make the home a powerful incubator of citizenship. Political growth occurs when the family system adjusts to reestablish equilibrium in response to exogenous factors or developmental needs that propel change. The ultimate purpose of this essay is to propose a functional model of family political communication. We apply theoretical perspectives from developmental literature to illustrate how political communication serves the family goals of autonomy and cohesion during various stages of the family life cycle.     

论专利说明书对权利要求保护范围的解释作用——客观主义与主观主义的博弈为视角

由于专利制度以公开换取垄断的契约作为理论基础,故可以从合同角度,以客观主义与主观主义的博弈关系入手分析权利要求保护范围解释的法理基础。权利要求保护范围的解释需要具备一定的前提条件。只有在权利要求的术语存在特定含义、或者说明书明确放弃某些技术方案、或者权利要求所包含的某些技术方案无法实现、或者权利要求的术语存在多种含义等情况下,才应当对权利要求进行解释。如果权利要求可能有多种解释方法,应当采用能够将实施例包括在内的解释,即权利要求解释的结果应当能够将实施例包含在保护范围之内。在综合考虑所要解决的技术问题和所能达到的技术效果后,明显不能成立的技术方案不应解释在权利要求的保护范围之内。     

欧盟制度运作的理性选择制度主义分析

当今的欧盟具有多层面、多中心的制度体系,为区域一体化提供了富于启示的制度建设样板。在欧洲制度研究中,作为新制度主义三大主要流派之一的理性选择制度主义是运用最为广泛的一个研究路径。理性选择制度主义将制度界定为一种正式的规则,以偏向于经济理性主义的方法分析欧盟制度的设计和运作,其独特的理论内涵和解释优势进一步丰富了欧洲一体化理论,也引发了学术界的广泛关注和探讨。