"理性社会——和谐社区"的初步探索

“社会”可以分为社会和社区两个层次。人们生活在具体的社区之中,社区和谐意义重大,社区是否和谐取决于社会是否理性,和谐社区只能存在于理性社会之中。“理性社会——和谐社区”是建设更美好社会的一个理论模型和可操作模式。     

有限理性下政府管制者的管制——基于中国行政语境的探讨

政府管制者是政府规制的执行者，其执行的效果直接影响政府规制的有效性。从有限理性人假设的理论框架入手，分析有限理性人假设在中国“双轨行政结构——功能系统”的行政语境中对政府管制者的适用性，在此基础上，探索中国管制者管制的路径：从法律规制、行政问责、第四种权力和社会团体的权力制约等方面来实现对管制者权力的有效监控，从而保证政府管制的有效实施。     

论实践合理调控的动态过程

可持续发展的实质在于人类对自身实践活动进行合理调控,即对过去的实践观念和行为方式进行反思、批判和重建,对未来的实践活动进行必要的规范和控制。因此,界定实践合理调控的内涵,把握实践合理调控的动态过程,即实践反思、实践理念的重构、实践过程中的反馈调节、实践效果的评价,具有重要的现实意义。     

What is the cost of voting?

Despite a wealth of literature on the determinants of electoral turnout, little is known about the cost of voting. Some studies suggest that facilitating voting slightly increases turnout, but what ultimately matters is people's subjective perceptions of how costly voting is. This paper offers a first comprehensive analysis of the subjective cost of voting and its impact on voter turnout. We use data from an original survey conducted in Canada and data from the Making Electoral Democracy Work project which covers 23 elections among 5 different countries. We distinguish direct and information/decision voting costs. That is, the direct costs that are related to the act of voting and the costs that are related to the efforts to make (an informed) choice. We find that the cost of voting is generally perceived to be very small but that those who find voting more difficult are indeed less prone to vote, controlling for a host of other considerations. That impact, however, is relatively small, and the direct cost matters more than the information/decision cost.     

理性行政人的身份特征与价值表达

本文通过对公共行政人性假设的简单分析,重点讨论了理性行政人的身份、特征及其功能,就理性行政人的价值实现途径进行了概括式阐述。其目的在于说明,行政主体理论尽管未能达成关于行政人身份角色的统一认识,但事实上的行政人却主要以理性的逻辑和方式来履行公共职能,结构化或制度化的行动秩序充分证明了这一点。因此,关于理性行政人的价值定义以及价值实现的基本途径的讨论,或许会为进一步完善行政主体理论并为指导公共行政实践发展有所裨益。     

Competition and turnout revisited: The importance of measuring expected closeness accurately

This study aims at contributing to the literature on the effect of political competition on electoral participation. I test the Downsian Closeness Hypothesis (DCH) on data from runoffs in general elections in Hungary. The expected closeness of the runoffs is proxied with first round margins of victory. The findings of the paper are consistent with the DCH: increases in margins between two parties in the first round significantly decrease turnout in the second, even when turnout in the first round is controlled for. This is in line with the theoretical considerations of the DCH but contrary to a large part of the existing empirical literature. The estimates of closeness are substantially greater than in previous papers and suggest that previous studies of the DCH using actual closeness as a proxy for expected closeness encountered a serious measurement error problem.     

理性守法初探

守法问题既是法治理论的组成部分,又是法治实现的基本途径。“法律效力”、“法律功能”、“法律制裁”与守法具有内在关联性,应当树立以主体对法律效力的内心认同为逻辑前提,以主体对法律功能的现实需要为现实动力,以法律制裁的辅助运用为必要保障的“理性守法观”。     

对我国市管县体制的理性反思

市管县体制在我国已实施了多年,实践表明这种体制是城市化道路的一种探索。这种体制的实施既有其历史原因,取得过重要的成绩,但也随着时代的改变而越来越体现它的缺陷。未来的改革思路是要遵循市场经济规律,并与政府职能转变相结合,按照稳中求进、由点到面等原则逐步加以改革。     

Strategic coalition voting: Evidence from Austria

Strategic coalition voting assumes that voters cast their vote in a way that maximizes the probability that a preferred coalition will be formed after the election. We identify three decision contexts that provide incentives for strategic coalition voting: (1) a rental vote of a major party supporter in favor of a preferred junior coalition partner perceived as uncertain to pass a minimum vote threshold, (2) avoiding a wasted vote for the preferred small party that is not expected to pass the minimum vote threshold, and (3) explicit strategic coalition voting to influence the composition and/or portfolio of the next coalition government. The results based on a nationally representative survey conducted before the 2006 Austrian general election generally support these hypotheses.