青年毛泽东的社会主义心路探源

青年毛泽东的社会主义思想“起点”由三股理论源泉汇聚而成。它们是:人类前途之展望———追求合规律性与合目的性统一的“大本大源”;个体生命之意义———精神个人主义;实践理性之真谛———实事求是的现实主义态度。毛泽东据此构成了原初的社会主义心路:立基于社会主义及历史发展的客观规律之前提,肯定个人投身这一运动的终极关怀意义,然而又揭示出实现社会主义的道路曲折性,要求对实践取现实主义的态度。在这种思维结构中,既隐藏着毛泽东思想发展的潜势,也含纳了毛泽东晚年失误的主观元素。为此,我们不能用绝对真理的标准来要求毛泽东。     

再论全国人大常委会的基本法律修改权

全国人大常委会的基本法律修改权的失范是一个事实。改变这一状况要求我们寻求宪法第67条第3项以外的规范资源。全国人大可以保留基本法律的修改权,并且可以对全国人大常委会的修改进行事后的合理性审查。全国人大常委会应当在尊重先例的基础上有节制地行使基本法律的修改权。     

THE APPLICATION AND ROBUSTNESS OF THE RATIONAL CHOICE PERSPECTIVE IN THE STUDY OF INTOXICATED AND ANGRY INTENTIONS TO AGGRESS*

Using a rational choice framework, this study examines the effects of alcohol and anger on violent decision making. Male students of legal drinking age participated in a randomized experiment in which intoxication and anger levels were manipulated. Participants read a “bar fight” scenario and completed a series of questions measuring aggressive intentions and the perceived consequences of violence. Results indicate that alcohol and anger interacted to increase one measure of aggressivity, but the perceived costs and benefits of violence were unaffected. Exploratory analyses call into question the robustness of the rational choice model, suggesting that the perspective may not be the general explanation for crime it is proclaimed to be.     

理性上瘾、劣值品与瘾性物品的最优管制

在理性上瘾的分析框架下,已有文献探讨了政府对瘾性商品管制的必要性。但从瘾性商品具有劣值品的性质这一角度分析对其管制的文献尚付之阙如,因此本文从此一角度加以探讨。在此分析视角下,政府的管制有多种方式。若政府通过课征从量税对瘾性商品进行管制,则最优管制原则如下：当瘾性商品的存量对个人身心健康的影响较大,真实的上瘾概率与个人主观认定的上瘾概率差距较大时,瘾性商品课征的从量税应较高;当时间偏好率较大,折旧率较大,或瘾性商品的价格弹性较大时。瘾性商品课征的从量税应较低。     

Drugs Prices and Systemic Violence: An Empirical Study

This study proposes an empirical analysis of the relation between the prices of illegal drugs and the use of violence to administrate the markets of illegal drugs. The study hypothesizes that the prices of illegal drugs affect the level of violent crime, since changes in profitability of the drugs’ markets affect the offenders’ expected utility of using violence to operate in these markets. An increase (or decrease) in prices would raise (or reduce) the offenders’ expected utility of making use of violence, for instance, to solve disputes over drugs, to conquer more market shares, to defend ones own market share, in short to make use of systemic violence (Goldstein, P.J. Journal of Drug Issues, 39:143–179, 1985). The study will analyze the relation between the dynamics of cocaine and heroin’s prices and systemic violence in the United States of America and in Europe over two decades. The correlational and inferential analyses do support the hypothesis for certain offenders’ profiles and certain murders’ circumstances.

一个综合视角下的国际制度化动力分析

制度化动力是国际制度分析的重要问题之一。制度化动力往往包含理性选择和社会建构两重因素,二者之间存在密切的互动关系。在高级制度化形式下,制度化动力以理性计算为起点吸收社会性因素,转化为战略性社会建构动力并有机结合于国家间社会化进程之中,将制度化从工具性制度化推向建构性制度化,对国家产生根本性影响。     

Political Culture and the Study of Chinese Politics

It is both a truth and a truism that Chinese politics cannot be understood without reference to Chinese culture (a truth and truism that would apply to any other society as well). But within the academic discipline of political science political culture has lost status over the past generation as not conducive to the development of empirical political theory. The usual candidate for replacement is rational choice theory. But properly understood, political culture is compatible with rational choice, inasmuch as there is no single standard of rationality, but, rather, it will vary from society to society and era to era. Considerations of the cultural background are necessary to provide content to rational choice theory, since without consideration of culture context rational choice threatens to reduce to a set of colorless banalities.

中国法律信仰制约因素的理性思考

公众对法律的信仰是中国法治化进程的内驱力。而现在 ,公众法律信仰的虚无已日益突显。“法律必须被信仰 ,否则它将形同虚设” ,因此 ,要想把法治精神内化为中华民族的整体精神 ,我们必须努力去寻找法律信仰的制约因素。     

对发展经济与减少排放问题的理性思考

在发展经济与减少排放问题上,目前有两种错误的倾向,一种是只顾经济增长,不顾环境保护;另一种是只强调生态环境,而忽视经济发展。在这一问题上唯一正确的观点是坚持辩证思维,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,强调发展要以人为本,一切发展都要符合人民的根本利益,同时要统筹人与自然和谐发展,正确处理好经济建设与资源利用、生态环境保护的关系,把"资源节约型和环境友好型"社会作为我国现代化建设的重要目标。     

Extending the rational choice model from the economy to society

That the extension of the rational choice model beyond the economy to all society can finally lead to integration of social theory is often claimed by the model’s advocates. The underlying assumption is that this model is valid for both the economy and society, in the form of an economic approach to, or a utilitarian paradigm of, all social behaviour. The meta-theoretical presupposition or injunction that agents are (should be) profit-seekers or utility-optimizers is therewith given the mission to integrate and ‘save’ contemporary social science. However, such extensions of the rational choice model from the economy to society neglect the fact that this presupposition has been partly mitigated and compromised within economics itself. If so, then suspicion is strong that the rational choice model would be even less appropriate for the other social sciences and thus fall short of achieving its self-designated role of integration of social theory. The conclusion of an interdisciplinary analysis drawing both from economics and sociology is that rational choice is far from being an integrative model of the economy and society.