公法与私法融合的法律调整模式——环境管理中经济刺激手段的运用

在解决环境外部性的问题上,经济手段会比行政手段产生更大的利益激励机制和效率弹性。经济手段的作用在于通过对环境资源予以定价,将同环境污染与利用等相关的外部成本全部反映到企业的生产成本中,促使企业基于利益最大化的考虑,作出最有利于环境的经济决策。因此,在环境政策的执行中加大运用收费、补贴、押金、排污权交易、环境税、环境责任保险等经济手段的力度是大势所趋。对环境问题的调节,在法律层面上,要求的是既具有私法的建立在意思自治基础上的内在激励机制,又有公法从整体利益出发保障国家介入经济活动的干预机制。     

如何认识当代资本主义的新变化

能否用科学的态度去认识当代资本主义的新变化,意义重大。对此必须把握住以下几方面:第一,不承认,不正视资本主义的新变化,是不行的;第二,把当代资本主义的新变化说成是资本主义在性质上的根本改变,是有害的;第三,关键在于要从实际影响中去把握当代资本主义的新变化。     

行政法视角下的行政决策

在我国,行政决策通常属于行政学的研究范畴,其特点表现在主体、目标、对象以及责任承担上。行政决策与法律、政策有着不同的内涵和外延。由于行政决策的作出实质上是公权力的行使,对公众之间的权利义务会产生直接的影响,因此行政决策应当受到行政法之约束,并且应当纳入行政法学的研究范畴。基于自身的多样性,对属于行政行为范畴的行政决策应当以行政法原理进行约束;对目前不能纳入行政行为的可用政策和程序加以规范。     

从源头预防和解决腐败问题

注意从源头上预防和解决腐败问题在反腐败工作中占有非常重要的地位。做好这项工作的重点包括 :围绕改革和发展的进程进行 ;形成整体抓的格局 ;勇于改革创新 ,着力从关键环节切入 ;加大综合治理力度 ;建立有效的预防机制。     

探究行政自由裁量权

行政自由裁量权是行政权力中的重要组成部分。从法律层面和行政职权内容层面看,行政自由裁量权都有其存在的必然性,但它的合理存在并不表示这种权力能够被合理的运用。对行政自由裁量权应进行必要的控制和驯服,最佳手段是合理性控制。行政合理性控制的核心内容是通过立法规范、司法审查、提高行政机关工作人员的职业素质来规范行政权的行使。     

对我国行政性垄断与事业单位限制竞争行为的理性思考

行政性垄断是破坏市场经济秩序的主要原因之一,事业单位的限制竞争行为是我国目前经济生活中的一种突出现象,二者具有质上的同一性和行为的社会危害性。本文从分析这两类行为的概念与特征着手,探讨和比较了二者的成因、表现形式及危害,并给出了规制两类行为的初步思路。     

Black and Blue Bloods: Protecting Police Officer Families from Domestic Violence

Officer‐involved domestic violence (OIDV) is a national problem, with police officer families having higher rates of domestic violence than non–police officer families. OIDV is also an underresearched problem with few studies or proposed solutions. Many victims of OIDV do not report their abuse precisely because their abuser is a police officer, whom they fear is in a unique position to protect him/herself from any legal consequences. Often, OIDV complaints are not investigated properly in a nonbiased manner. While a handful of police agencies around the country have developed specific policies and procedures to deal with OIDV, Washington State has enacted legislation that requires its police agencies to adopt OIDV‐specific policies. The International Associations of Chiefs of Police (IACP), an organization that addresses various issues confronting law enforcement, has also developed a model policy on OIDV. This Note proposes that, in light of the Washington legislation and the model policy proposed by the IACP, each state should enact a statute that requires its police agencies to develop policies on OIDV. This Note also outlines a specific set of procedures that such statutes should, at a minimum, require its police agencies to adopt, ranging from educating police officers on domestic violence to developing guidelines on responding to and investigating OIDV complaints.     

Protecting digital identity in the cloud: Regulating cross border data disclosure

Widespread use of cloud computing and other off-shore hosting and processing arrangements make regulation of cross border data one of the most significant issues for regulators around the world. Cloud computing has made data storage and access cost effective but it has changed the nature of cross border data. Now data does not have to be stored or processed in another country or transferred across a national border in the traditional sense, to be what we consider to be cross border data. Nevertheless, the notion of physical borders and transfers still pervades thinking on this subject. The European Commission (“EC”) is proposing a new global standard for data transfer to ensure a level of protection for data transferred out of the EU similar to that within the EU. This paper examines the two major international schemes regulating cross-border data, the EU approach and the US approach, and the new EC and US proposals for a global standard. These approaches which are all based on data transfer are contrasted with the new Australian approach which regulates disclosure. The relative merits of the EU, US and Australian approaches are examined in the context of digital identity, rather than just data privacy which is the usual focus, because of the growing significance of digital identity, especially to an individual's ability to be recognized and to transact. The set of information required for transactions which invariably consists of full name, date of birth, gender and a piece of what is referred to as identifying information, has specific functions which transform it from mere information. As is explained in this article, as a set, it literally enables the system to transact. For this reason, it is the most important, and most vulnerable, part of digital identity. Yet while it is deserving of most protection, its significance has been largely under-appreciated. This article considers the issues posed by cross border data regulation in the context of cloud computing, with a focus on transaction identity and the other personal information which make up an individual's digital identity. The author argues that the growing commercial and legal importance of digital identity and its inherent vulnerabilities mandate the need for its more effective protection which is provided by regulation of disclosure, not just transfer.     

数额犯中数额认识错误的评判

在我国违法和犯罪分开的二元立法背景下,必然使犯罪概念蕴含着罪量要素,刑法理论和司法实践当中的数额犯、情节犯等概念亦成为绕不开的重要话题,故此数额犯便成为了我国刑法理论上所特有的犯罪形态.因此,有必要对数额犯中数额认识错误的问题进行系统讨论,并提出相应的评判标准,以期能更好的解决司法实践中所遇到的难题.从数额犯所涉及的数额的概念入手,明确数额在数额犯中乃至我国刑法中的定位问题是研究数额认识错误评判的前提,由于数额认定是司法实践中定罪量刑的重要因素,但由于数额在刑事案件中看似具体但又包含着抽象的成分,所以既需要对其进行量的判断,又需要相应的价值判断.有了对数额认识错误的法理评判,就能结合刑法条文以及相关司法解释,对具体案件中行为人的数额认识错误问题作出正确的诠释.     

Correspondence

The viability and desirability of a finance-led growth regime is first assessed against the historical evidence about the many alternative regimes that have been proposed as successors to Fordism. A purely hypothetical model is then built by assembling various hypotheses derived from the observation of current American trends. The imposition of financial norms, such as shareholder value, requires a new and coherent architecture for the mode of governance of firms, the form of competition, the wage labour nexus and the objectives of monetary policy, public budget and tax system. According to the model, any requirement for increased profit has a variable macro-economic impact on wages and economic activity according to the size of accelerator effects and the relative importance of wage and profit in income formation. The stability of an equity-based regime depends on monetary policy which controls financial bubbles and thus the diffusion of finance may push the economy into a zone of structural instability. The next major financial crisis may originate in the USA whose economy approximates most closely to the model. But, the so-called American 'new economy' combines diverse but interdependent structural transformations: diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies, search for new rules for competition, increased flexibility in wages and employment, shift from manufacturing to services. Finance is an element in, but not the whole of, this complex emerging regime.