The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and the roots of the ‘right to be forgotten’

The EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation has caused a wide debate between lawyers and legal scholars and many opinions have been voiced on the issue of the right to be forgotten. In order to analyse the relevance of the new rule provided by Article 17 of the Proposal, this paper considers the original idea of the right to be forgotten, pre-existing in both European and U.S. legal frameworks. This article focuses on the new provisions of Article 17 of the EU Proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation and evaluates its effects on court decisions. The author assumes that the new provisions do not seem to represent a revolutionary change to the existing rules with regard to the right granted to the individual, but instead have an impact on the extension of the protection of the information disseminated on-line.     

Human Rights Watch v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office: Victim Status,Extraterritoriality and the Search for Principled Reasoning

In Human Rights Watch v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office the UK Investigatory Powers Tribunal found that the relevant standard of ‘victim status’ that applies in secret surveillance cases consists in a potential risk of being subjected to surveillance and that the European Convention on Human Rights does not apply to the surveillance of individuals who reside outside of the UK. This note argues that the Tribunal's finding regarding the victim status of the applicants was sound but that the underlying reasoning was not. It concludes that the Tribunal's finding on extraterritoriality is unsatisfactory and that its engagement with the European Court of Human Rights case law on the matter lacked depth. Finally, the note considers the defects of the Human Rights Watch case, and the case law on extraterritoriality more generally, against the backdrop of the place of principled reasoning in human rights adjudication.     

TOWARD THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HIGH‐CONFLICT FAMILIES: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND CANADIAN CASE LAW

Social science research and the courts have begun to recognize the special challenges posed by “high‐conflict” separations for children and the justice system. The use of “high conflict” terminology by social science researchers and the courts has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is an important development, but the term is often used vaguely and to characterize very different types of cases. An analysis of Canadian case law reveals that some judges are starting to differentiate between various degrees and types of high conflict. Often this judicial differentiation is implicit and occurs without full articulation of the factors that are taken into account in applying different remedies. There is a need for the development of more refined, explicit analytical concepts for the identification and differentiation of various types of high conflict cases. Empirically driven social science research can assist mental health professionals, lawyers and the courts in better understanding these cases and providing the most appropriate interventions. As a tentative scheme for differentiating cases, we propose distinguishing between high conflict cases where there is: (1) poor communication; (2) domestic violence; and (3) alienation. Further, there must be a differentiation between cases where one parent is a primary instigator for the conflict or abuse, and those where both parents bear significant responsibility.     

How to control interception-does the UK strike the right balance?

This Article critically analyses the regime for intercepting the content of communications under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 in the light of the recent ruling by the European Court of Human Rights in Kennedy v the UK. It looks at the safeguards for privacy protection provided such as the requirement for a warrant and the roles of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal and the Interception of Communications Commissioner and whether these safeguards are compliant with Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights.     

概念法学和政府管制背景下的新行政法

站在中国行政法学百年发展的历史图景之上进行反思和总结,应该善待概念行政法学的方法论和知识论。外接管制的新行政法强调横向地研究"事务"而不是理论,它有自己新的价值范畴和问题域。但是,政府管制之下的新行政法只有借助概念法学的范畴体系和逻辑思辨方式,才可能实现其功能主义的目标,否则将陷入"问题陷阱"。台湾概念行政法学的发展方向值得祖国大陆借鉴,在概念法学的塑造下,部门行政法与政府管制研究的结合之路是祖国大陆行政法学的可欲之路。中国行政法学的困境不是概念法学的困境。外接政府管制的新行政法,一定程度上将弥补司法审查制度缺陷带来的概念行政法学的功能性不足。     

Guidelines for the responsible application of data analytics

The vague but vogue notion of ‘big data’ is enjoying a prolonged honeymoon. Well-funded, ambitious projects are reaching fruition, and inferences are being drawn from inadequate data processed by inadequately understood and often inappropriate data analytic techniques. As decisions are made and actions taken on the basis of those inferences, harm will arise to external stakeholders, and, over time, to internal stakeholders as well. A set of Guidelines is presented, whose purpose is to intercept ill-advised uses of data and analytical tools, prevent harm to important values, and assist organisations to extract the achievable benefits from data, rather than dreaming dangerous dreams.     

Children's Rights and the Politics of Food: Big Food Versus Little People

This article traces the battle in the United States during the Obama administration, continuing into the Trump administration, to protect children's rights to food. It explores barriers to development of sound, science‐based food policies, including the refusal to recognize food as a human right, anti‐science denialism, hostility toward government regulation, and relative powerlessness of children. It points to the role of a “Big Food Pyramid” composed of powerful food industry and large scale distribution and marketing interests in blocking sound policies in prenatal and infant nutrition, school lunches, SNAP and WIC, the marketing to children of high fat and fructose‐laden products, and campaigns to increase youth fitness. While predicting a continuing assault at the federal level on children's rights to safe and healthy foods, the article highlights the positive role of consumer demand in shaping marketing, labeling and production of food and opportunities for leaders in the food industry and in government at local, municipal and state levels to continue the battle for sound food policies.     

浅议当代工人阶级的新变化

改革开放以来,我国当代工人阶级发生了许多新的变化,具有新的时代特征。不论工人阶级发生了什么样的变化,工人阶级仍然是我国的领导阶级;工人阶级仍然是先进生产力的杰出代表;工人阶级仍然是建设中国特色社会主义事业的主力军。     

正确认识对服刑人员的人权保护

服刑人员的人权保护问题是国际社会普遍关注的焦点问题。由于服刑人员的人权具有权益主体的特殊性、人权的不完整性和人权内容的特定性等特点,在对其人权保护方面尚存在诸多问题,亟待监狱及其监狱人民警察在对服刑人员人权保护方面,树立正确的思想观念,完善其人权保护的法律规范,进一步加强其人权保护的监督制约机制,不断提高监狱人民警察的执法水平,使服刑人员这一特殊群体所享有的法定人权切实得到有效保护。     

国际条约在不服渔业行政处罚所提起的行政诉讼程序上的优先适用

为了回答由一则不服中国渔业行政处罚而提起行政诉讼的案例提出的中国领域外形成的证据是否应当经过公证认证的问题,有必要审视在中国法律框架内国际条约优先适用的制度。国际条约优先适用的原则不仅适用于中国实体法领域,而且在民事或行政诉讼法的领域同样适用。作为下位法的行政诉讼证据规则应当让位于国际条约的规定。中美谅解备忘录就是这样的双边国际条约,考量涉案美方案卷能否成为行政诉讼证据,应当根据该备忘录的规定。经过中美执法部门证据交接美方案卷成为中方执法证据之一,符合备忘录的要求,具有证据上的可采性,应当被依法采信为行政诉讼证据。