司法调解与治理变革--以陕甘宁边区基层司法档案为中心的考察

司法调解是多元化纠纷解决机制的重要组成部分之一,而以陕甘宁边区为代表的革命根据地调解制度,则是当代中国司法调解的主要渊源。革命根据地的调解,不止是一项司法制度或者新型司法制度中的一个环节,它实质上更是一种治理模式,辅助革命政策的推行。通过荣誉、身份等象征资本重塑调解人,不断将革命伦理、法制融入新型调解规则体系之中,中国共产党借助司法调解,较好地实现了革命根据地社会治理模式的变革,有效消解了革命法制与社会旧俗之间的紧张关系,增进了普通民众对共产党政权的认同度。革命时期的调解尽管存在制度缺漏、行政导向等缺陷,但它对社会文化、习俗的娴熟运用,对社会组织、地方权威人物的组织吸纳,以及注重消弭社会冲突、维护邻里和睦的价值取向,实际上是中国共产党领导的治理变革在法治中的生动体现,也成为当下司法与社会治理可资取鉴的历史资源。     

纠纷解决机制外在制度环境的优化——以行政调解制度为例

深刻反思我国的行政调解制度实践，为行政调解制度的建构和完善提供必要的理论支持，是行政法学面临的重要研究课题。显然，与制度内在设计之改良同等重要的是制度外在环境的优化。就当下中国的行政调解制度而言，重塑其法律地位，加强其意识形态领域的重构，建立健全源自行政问责的制度保障，就成为实现这种优化的具体内容。只有如此，才有可能实现行政调解在中国社会治理实践中的制度预期。     

Friction or flows? The translation of Resolution 1325 into practice in Rwanda

ABSTRACT

After almost 20 years with Resolution 1325 and the ‘women, peace and security’ agenda, the results achieved seem rather disappointing. This article analyses how the global gender norms laid out in Resolution 1325 have been translated into practice in a local post-conflict setting – Rwanda as a ‘best-case’ scenario on gender equality. Drawing on the theoretical literature on norm translation and the concepts of friction and flows, together with fieldwork-based research, the article analyses how international and national actors in Rwanda have reshaped and adapted the principles laid out in Resolution 1325. The main argument is that the processes of norm translation in Rwanda are characterised less by flows and more by friction and uneven processes of translation. The article concludes that the predominant successes are the inclusion of women in decision-making and at the lower levels in the security sector. However, women are still excluded, and gender issues marginalised, in the ‘big’ negotiations on peace and security, and high levels of violence against women persist.     

军人退役安置纠纷初解

军人退役安置制度建设是我国国防建设的重要方面。为了促使军人退役安置制度的不断完善，有必要从法律上准确界定军人退役安置纠纷的性质，对现阶段军人退役安置纠纷的类型进行梳理和总结，并在此基础上归纳出纠纷的救济途径，提出相应的法律对策。     

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》第25条分析

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的颁行改变了《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》实施期间的法律关系主体结构,政府作为征收一方直接与被征收人发生法律联系。该条例第25条所规定的房屋征收补偿协议宜认定为行政合同,该条第2款有关规定实质上设立了一种新的行政合同履行纠纷的解决方式。不过,该条规定的实施受到了现行《行政诉讼法》的限制。新的行政合同履行纠纷解决方式是否真正建立,有待进一步论证。     

关于我国纠纷解决机制的思考

面对当前我国纠纷和矛盾激化的现实,必须在充分认识到纠纷的不可避免性和适度纠纷的积极作用的基础上,致力于构建公平、合理的纠纷解决机制,努力使所有的社会纠纷和矛盾都有正式的解决途径。纠纷解决机制必须符合基本要求和标准,并贯彻司法最终原则,同时重视协商、调解方法。     

美国ADR对中国纠纷解决资源利用的启示

纠纷解决资源的利用效率直接决定了纠纷解决效率的高低。在我国 ,由于纠纷解决资源利用效率低下 ,致使大量纠纷无法得到及时有效解决。与此相反 ,美国在类似的“诉讼大爆炸”的压力下 ,却通过大力发展ADR ,成功地缓解了法院压力 ,提高了纠纷解决效率。“他山之石 ,可以攻玉” ,分析美国ADR的兴起原因 ,探讨其发展中暴露的不足 ,将对我国纠纷解决资源的利用提供有益启示     

Islamic Shariah and Blasphemy Laws in Pakistan

The arbitrary, discriminatory and oppressive application of blasphemy laws in Pakistan has been the cause of much discord and violence in recent years, affecting the non-Muslim population particularly harshly. This article traces the history of such laws and argues that the courts have done little to mitigate the adverse effects of their use by successive governments. The article calls for urgent and concerted international pressure to ensure that the Pakistani authorities respect their obligations under relevant legal instruments.     

Designing Heart‐Based Systems to Encourage Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Divorcing Families

Conflicts in intimate relationships are often accidental, occasional, and unique; yet they are also systemic, repetitive, and alike. For this reason, they are amenable to systemic analysis and resolution by altering them at their chronic sources and applying the preventative methodology of conflict resolution systems design. The central difficulties with using traditional forms of conflict resolution systems design in marriages, couples, and families are that they do not effectively address the emotional meaning or significance of the conflict within the relationship; are not grounded in the heart; and do not address the intimate, relational aspects of intimate, affective conflicts. Marriages and families are deeply sensitive, highly complex emotional relationships that require systems design methodologies that are profoundly informed by the heart. This article proposes a heart‐based systems design approach that includes forgiveness and reconciliation for use in marriages and families, including those that end in divorce.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Conflicts in intimate relationships are accidental, occasional, and unique; yet they are also systemic, repetitive, and alike.
• Marriages and families are deeply sensitive, highly complex emotional relationships that require systems design methodologies that are profoundly informed by the heart.
• It is possible to create a heart-based systems design approach to marital, family and divorce conflicts that includes forgiveness and reconciliation.