中国宪政之路的反思

近代中国 ,宪政运动伴随着中华民族争取独立、民主、富强的斗争而展开。回顾百年来中国宪政与宪法的历史 ,可以帮助我们在总结历史经验的同时 ,深入研究社会主义民主宪政的理论 ,提高全民的宪法观念和法律意识 ,使依法治国进入一个新的发展阶段。     

论依法行政的制约因素及其对策

在我国 ,全面推进依法行政 ,建设法治政府 ,无论是观念上还是制度上都面临着挑战。因此 ,依法行政是一场深刻的观念更新和制度变革 ,必须加强社会主义宪政建设     

论强制口供的存在必要--沉默权理论与实践反差的思考

沉默权作为西方刑事诉讼制度的重要内容被我国接受.然而,它在实践中不仅存在理论与实践的重大反差,而且存在法律文化的冲突,更为关键的是法律制度的建立和发展,应当照应社会发展的文明趋势,不能以单纯的人权取向为转移.所以,沉默权作为西方一定历史时期的法律产物,未必适应中国社会,未必是先进的诉讼制度,不应当盲目采纳.而强制口供不仅在中国而且在世界,不仅在过去而且在现在,都是普遍的法律制度和法治现象,具有不容忽视的存在理由和存在价值.     

浅淡涉税徇私舞弊罪的界定及预防

徇私舞弊罪是渎职罪中的重要种类。目前,税务人员涉税徇私舞弊罪的现象日趋突出,已经对当前税务干部队伍建设和税务机关正常履行税务职能产生了严重影响。因此,能否正确界定和有效预防涉税徇私舞弊罪的发生,对于检察机关正确行使侦查和公诉职能,推进税务机关依法治税,有效实现国家宏观调控职能作用有积极意义。本文针对当前执法、司法活动中存在的问题,主要从犯罪主体、主观方面、犯罪客观方面对涉税徇私舞弊罪的犯罪构成及界定作了理论分析,并结合税收实际对不应认定为徇私舞弊罪的行为进行了初步探讨,提出了预防此类犯罪的对策。     

保举连坐制度小议

“保举”是中国封建社会选官的重要方式之一。为了充分发挥“保举”选拔优秀人才的作用,统治者对“保举”规定了严格的责任,即“保举连坐”。“保举连坐”不仅在封建王朝发挥着重要的作用,在当今社会,对于官员的选任仍有重大的借鉴意义。     

进攻性现实主义与布什政府对朝政策研究现状述评

本文就进攻性现实主义与布什政府对朝政策研究的目的及意义、国内研究现状进行梳理、阐释和评述,认为美国的外交政策是各派的折中产物,都是基于美国的国家利益和对世界局势的综合考虑。进攻性现实主义与美国保守派占上风的布什政府的外交理念相吻合,是“为永葆美国强权开药方”,是布什政府对朝政策的重要理论来源。其研究具有重要的理论和实践价值及自身特点,应在理论与实际“结合”上下工夫。理论与政策实务的结合,理论抑或政策的研究的连续性和整体性以及整体性研究与细节考察等方面是今后进一步研究的空间。     

Fatal suicidal crossbow injury--the ability to act

We report a case of a 58-year-old man who committed suicide using a modern crossbow. The victim shot himself in the chest with a conical field-tip arrow from close proximity. We first presumed that this was a case of homicide committed with a firearm. We were, however, subsequently proved wrong. The reasons for the primary statement were as follows: the external morphology of the entrance wound being typical of a firearm discharged from long distance; the perforation found on the victim's clothing; the absence of the firearm at the place of death; the absence of the arrow in the wound. All of these reasons forced us initially to conclude that the case was one of homicide. In the reported case, the man, after having been shot with an arrow, was further able to act, even though the abdominal aorta and liver were seriously injured. While the arrow was in the wound, the injuries may not have led to massive bleeding because of incomplete tamponade of the defects by the arrow shaft. Pulling the arrow out of the victim's wound track initiated massive bleeding. Despite all these injuries, the man was capable of pulling the bow string again and reloading the crossbow with the arrow used in the first attempt. This case demonstrates that forensic investigations into crossbow injuries can be very difficult, especially when the bolt has been removed from the body.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin-phase 1

Abstract: Unsupported excised skin may shrink by as much as 50% or more. In 1981, a method was developed for ring adhesion to skin with the goal of minimizing tissue distortion upon excision. Five modified versions of the technique bearing the author’s name followed (Dorion types I, II, III, IV, and V). The scientific literature reveals little supporting empirical evidence for the preferential use of one adhesive/suturing technique over another. This study compares the use of various bonding materials (Loctite Super Glue gel^®, Dermabond?, Vetbond?), cleaning agents (ethanol, dishwashing liquid, and shaving cream), and depilatory (Veet^®) on the effects of ring adhesion to skin. The conclusions indicate that surface wetness is the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin, followed by the type of bonding material, its “freshness,” and by the cleaning agent used to prepare the skin. The use of a depilatory or shaving cream is to be avoided.     

依法行政的宪法性调适——关于行政法治模式扩展的理论解释与方向探索

"依法行政"是中国建设法治国家的基础性制度要素,但该要素所预设的严格规范框架逐渐不能适应世界范围内行政权权能结构与行政法规则体系变化的需要,也不适应我国行政体制改革的结构性需求。中国行政法改革采行功能主义路径,大力引进行政的公开性与民主性理念及其制度,对原有行政法体系形成较大冲击。"新行政法"试图进行理论回应,其根本的规范性诉求就在于"依宪行政"。这一理论与制度的变化只能回溯到宪法层面进行解释。"依法行政"必须依靠理论背景更加厚重的"依宪行政"才能够克服传统行政法治模式的危机,实现行政法治模式的扩展。本文导引出的"依宪行政"的问题域和制度域还有利于重新思考并探索一种"行政宪政主义"的宪法实施路径,因而具有更为根本的理论价值和实践意义。     

English High Court decides that “making available” over the internet only occurs in the jurisdiction where the servers are based

The English High Court has considered the meaning of “making available to the public” by online transmission in the context of database rights and has determined that the act of making available is only committed in the country where the host server is located, and not the country where the material is accessed by the public.