中国地方政府绩效评估的可持续性问题研究——基于“甘肃模式”的理论反思

政府绩效评估作为一种创新性的政府管理工具,其科学性与可持续性成为推动政府绩效管理和政府能力建设的关键。然而由于多种因素的影响,我国地方政府绩效评估的持续性开展面临着一系列的障碍。为了深入解析这些障碍并提出解决方法,文章运用文献研究法及模型分析法等,试图从既往文献的梳理入手,结合中国地方政府绩效评估的典型模式之一的"甘肃模式",对该模式中出现的问题和面临的困境进行系统的理论分析,在此基础上分析总结出我国地方政府绩效评估可持续开展的重要影响因素:法律保障、政治支持、社会参与以及评估体系设计。在以往政府绩效评估理论研究的基础上,作者构建出一个新的理论分析模型,并据此模型对"甘肃模式"进行分析,提出促进地方政府绩效评估可持续性发展的若干建议。目前国内学者对于绩效评估可持续性问题的研究相对较少,因而本文中的相关结论与建议对于推动我国地方政府绩效评估的可持续性具有一定的理论指导意义与实践参考价值。     

改善城市道路交通的若干建议

本文通过对福建省城市道路建设现状的分析,针对目前存在的城市道路规划设计理念滞后、路网密度指标偏低、慢行系统建设滞后和公共交通设施有待提升等问题,提出加快完善城区基础设施、加大路网密度、推进慢行系统建设和公交优先等改善城市道路交通的具体思路和对策建议     

公益保护、行政处罚与行政公益诉讼——杭州市药监局江干分局“撮合私了”案引发的思考

药监局"撮合私了"行为的实质是放弃处罚权的不作为违法。销售假药之违法行为严重损害了社会公众的用药安全,同时破坏了市场主体的公平竞争秩序。违法行为所侵害的公共利益具有潜在危险性和主体不特定性特点,只有通过行政处罚才能修复违法行为所侵害的公共利益,所以,应当原则上禁止"撮合私了"。《治安管理处罚法》第9条的规定只是这个原则的例外,是在违法行为社会危害不大的前提下,综合考虑受害人补偿、调查成本等因素的制度选择。基于行政执法程序天然的利益对抗不足之缺陷,为了纠正随意"撮合私了"之违法行为,保护社会公众的用药安全与公平竞争权,将来修改《行政诉讼法》时应当确立行政公益诉讼制度。     

农用运输车管理主体变更后的思考及对策

原有农用运输车管理体制存在的问题,导致了近年来农用运输车交通事故率大幅度上升的情况。目前,正值《道路交通安全法》的颁布实施,为加强农用运输车的管理,有必要采取一些行之有效的对策。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY RAILWAY BETWEEN CIM AND SMGS

China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway — respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation (SMGS) and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM). For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China’s initiative “the Belt and Road” promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics: the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS; the nature of the carrier’s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS; period of responsibility; persons for whom the carrier is liable.     

Problematic reporting in DNA cases: the need for accredited formats and certified reporting competence

Quality assurance is a pre-requisite for operational forensic genetic laboratories and professional organisations such as ENFSI, SWGDAM or ISFG. These organisations provide guidelines/recommendations for the methods used (both for analysis and evaluation), and for reporting. Aspects regarding analyses will generally be found in the accreditation scope, contrary to evaluation. Moreover, proficiency testing on how to evaluate and report results is still in its infancy. This is problematic as the quality of forensic science services for the administration of justice crucially depends on how results are evaluated and conveyed.In this paper, we use examples of written and oral statements to illustrate how accreditation could improve and ensure that guidelines on interpretation are properly implemented, reviewed and maintained. We underline the need for certifying and validating the knowledge of the experts in that specific field. Indeed, analytical techniques have for many years been the focus of accreditation, rather than the soundness and logic of communication of the value of the results obtained with these techniques. It is now time for a shift and to provide means that ensure that forensic scientists’ conclusions are as justifiable as their analytical methods.     

东南亚海岛旅游安全管理研究

东南亚海岛旅游资源丰富,是全球海岛旅游热点地区,但在海岛旅游快速发展的同时,受环境与管理因素的影响,旅游安全事件频繁发生,影响当地旅游业的可持续发展。文章基于2000年以来的网络文献数据,整理出65起较严重的海岛旅游安全事件,从中可以发现当地海岛旅游安全事件有明显的时空分布规律;安全事件的发生与人为、环境、物质状态和安全管理有关。当务之急是与周边国家共同构建海岛旅游安全管理协作平台,提升景区环境容量,共同应对旅游安全威胁。     

高校教师考核评价机制研究

客观公正地对高校教师进行考核评价,不仅有利于激发广大教师求知成才的热情,形成靠实干进步、靠实绩进步的导向,更有利于激励广大教师把工作的关注点和着力点,放到培育高素质人才上,从而推动高校教师队伍建设的全面进步。本文在分析高校当前考核评价机制存在问题的基础上,就高校教师考核评价体系的进一步完善提出了几点设想。     

论警察执法活动的人身安全保障

人民警察执法活动的特殊性在于其存在较大的潜在危险性。因此,在要求人民警察在执法活动中尽职尽责的同时,还应当重视其执法活动中的人身安全保障问题。加强人民警察执法活动的人身安全保障,对于提高执法水平、有效打击犯罪以及维护社会的长治久安,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Group Treatment for Aggressive Women: An Initial Evaluation

There is virtually no information or research on group treatment for women who may behave abusively to intimate partners. The Calgary Counseling Centre has offered a group treatment program for such clients, Responsible Choices for Women, over the past several years. This paper describes the group format, the demographic characteristics of the 64 women who began the group, and a comparison of those who completed treatment versus those who dropped out. The pre/mid/post-test group evaluation utilized measures of physical and non-physical partner abuse, self-esteem, depression, clinical stress, marital satisfaction, family relations, locus of control, sex roles, and assertiveness. The repeated measures analysis on data from 33 women found statistically significant improvements on non-physical abuse of partner, clinical stress, generalized contentment, self-esteem and assertiveness, using a conservative p-value of .009, given the use of multiple tests. Clinical implications of these results are described.