当代中国基层政治治理的新变化和新挑战——基于城乡自治体制的思考

改革开放后,国家创设了居民自治和村民自治的城乡社区自治体制,以实现基层社会的再组织化和再权力化.但在实践过程中,这套自治体制遭遇到不少问题,甚至出现了进退两难的困境.为了化解这种困境,需要将城乡基层自治纳入国家建设整体框架之内考虑,不断提高城乡自治的层次和范围.同时,政府应努力寻找国家能力和社会能力同时增强的途径和方式.     

东营市农村人力资源现状及原因分析

加快农村人力资源开发，提高农村人力资源素质，是建设社会主义新农村的根本。东营市农村人力资源数量丰富，但整体科学文化素质低，人力资源结构不合理，人才资源比较匮乏，农村劳动力弱化、老龄化问题凸现。这是思想认识、“二元”结构、教育体系、投资体制、政策法规、市场制度、管理体制等因素共同影响的结果。为此，东营市应强化措施，大力推进农村人力资源开发。     

From Victim to Offender: The Effects of Male Initiated Violence on Women Arrested for Using Intimate Partner Violence

A number of theorists posit that most women who are arrested for using violence against their intimate partners are in-fact victims of IPV themselves and should be treated as such. However, in this population of women IPV arrestees empirical investigation has yet to explore how physical and emotional victimization experiences are associated with arrest related factors, propensity to be abusive or attitude toward using relationship violence. The current study explores these factors finding no difference in arrest factors between women who (a) deny abuse, (b) report rare/occasional abuse and (c) report frequent/very frequent abuse. However, mixed results were found with regard to participants’ responses on scales measuring propensity to be abusive and attitudes about using violence in marriage. Theoretical and practical related issues are addressed.     

当前形势下促进山东省农民持续增收的对策思考

改革开放30年来，山东省农民收入迅速增加，生活质量显著改善，农村经济社会持续保持了良好发展态势。但是，在当前国际金融危机持续蔓延的复杂严峻形势下，国内经济环境也随之不断恶化，这无疑会对提高我省农民收入水平带来不利影响，出现的新困难与历史形成的老问题互相叠加，保持农业稳定发展、农民持续增收的难度明显加大。为了有效应对当前的不利形势，必须创新促进农民收入持续增长的思路，从而保证我省农村经济的持续健康发展和农村社会的稳定。     

矿难丧偶女性生活图景之窥探——基于山西X村妇女的叙述分析

矿难丧偶女性是一个鲜为社会关注的群体。文章以山西某个村落为田野展开研究,凭籍于当事人口述和作者转述的方式铺陈了三位丧偶女性的生命故事,从而通过拓展个案的方法揭示出,在现代科学理性、传统文化、资本市场和父权制的合谋之下,矿难丧偶女性被撕裂与抗争的身体、被规训与形塑的婚姻及其被污名与排斥的命运。     

论北京市乡村医生执业的资质、行为与风险

根据我国目前的法律规定，进入乡村医生队伍的资质要求偏高，这在一定程度上严重影响了乡村医生后续力量的补充；乡村医生的执业行为囿于诸多乡土文化，很难做到法律要求和新生代权利人渴望的规范性，面临着被淘汰的危险。在目前的状况下，原本存在很大执业风险的乡村医生已经通过自身的不作为使得自身几乎不存在执业风险，但从长远角度观察，这将阻碍医学的进步和损害社会公众的福祉。     

中国农村微观组织的变迁与功能分化

建国以来，中国农村微观组织的变迁经历了“人民公社——村民委员会一村民委员会＋农民专业合作社”三种主要的模式，在这一过程中，全能型的农村微观组织形式被打破，经济功能分化出来，逐步演变为独立、合法的微观性经济组织。推进农村微观组织的功能的进一步分化，特别是培育农村政治性微观组织，分担和承接村民委员会无力完成的农村社会公共管理职能，有利于促进社会主义新农村建设的发展。     

亚太妇女跨国迁移及其性产业与公共治理——菲律宾NGO的社会行动探析

20世纪90年代以来,亚太地区的人口迁移与性产业相互推动,促使越来越多的女性移民卷入性产业。如今,性产业的蔓延与繁荣已经成为亚太地区社会经济发展面临的一个严重问题,引起各国政府与相关非政府组织的极大关注。因此,治理性产业的法律与公共政策也成为亚太地区国家与公民社会讨论的重要内容。本文以菲律宾妇女海外性工作者与菲律宾NGO的社会行动为例,探讨发展中国家的妇女移民在跨国迁移中的角色、地位与社会、性别危机,以及公民社会参与性产业的社会治理行动与策略。     

Gender quotas,candidate background and the election of women: A paradox of gender quotas in open-list proportional representation systems

We study the effects of mandatory (legislated) gender quotas in Poland, a country utilising an open-list proportional representation electoral system. We use a unique data set comprising multiple characteristics of all candidates running in two consecutive elections to the lower chamber of the Polish parliament (the Sejm). The first of them (held in 2007) was the last pre-quota election and the second (held in 2011) the first post-quota one. We show that quotas have an inherently paradoxical nature: they cause a substantial increase in the number of female candidates but the increase is accompanied by a sharp decline in women's electoral performance. This regularity holds even if we account for multiple indicators of candidate background, including previous political experience.     

Howzat! Navigating Gender Disruptions in Australian Young Women’s Cricket

ABSTRACT

“Howzat” is colloquially used by cricketers to ask the umpire “How is that?” when they believe a batter is out. We employ this question here to frame interrogations of young women’s experiences as they navigate elite pathway cricket in an era of significant change. The global sports entertainment industry is, it seems, undergoing a form of gender disruption. The remuneration for Australian women cricketers rose by over 500 per cent between 2012 and 2017, providing opportunities for women and girls to transition to professional sport in ways quite different from historical amateur pathways. While on the surface this shapes as a time of great opportunity for aspiring sportswomen, there are unintended consequences that warrant consideration—particularly for females involved in sports with a legacy of masculine privilege. This article draws on qualitative research concerning five female pathway players and their respective parents, coaching and administrative staff who support them as they navigate the demands of playing elite cricket during adolescence. We employ Foucault’s concept of a “history of the present” to make sense of this dispositif to problematise how young women navigate gendered experiences in sports with “masculine” traditions amid a growing profile of women’s sport in Australia.