Gender trouble on the German soccer field: can the growth of women’s soccer challenge hegemonic masculinity?

Soccer in Germany represents a social sphere for the expression of masculinity and features significant ideological battles over gender roles. This paper discusses whether the growth of women’s soccer can challenge the prevailing hegemonic masculinity in an area that represents an important economic aspect of consumer culture and social identity. Does women’s soccer have the potential to subvert existing gender norms and challenge dominant understandings of gender? While women’s soccer has seen some important areas of growth in Germany, there are reasons to remain sceptical about the subversive potential of women’s soccer. This article argues that the unholy trinity of the sports-media-business alliance is the root cause for the limitations women’s soccer faces in challenging hegemonic masculinity. This sports-media-business alliance has served as the structural framework that has shaped societal discourses about women’s soccer in Germany. This paper discusses three of those discourses: the evolution of the macro-historical discourse over the societal role of women’s soccer in post-World War II Germany; the discourse comparing men’s and women’s soccer and asserting the superiority of men’s soccer; and the discourse on the role of femininity in women’s soccer and the sexualization of the players.     

‘Where am I in this story?’ – listening to activist women writers*

This study discusses the dynamic roles of activist women in militarized societies. It offers an analysis of the perspectives of Israeli activist women regarding their roles as women activists and writers. In their non-fiction writings, these activist women voice their resistance and document both their everyday lives and political perspectives about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and their socio-political activism and resistance to the Israeli occupation. These women were interviewed regarding their perspectives and struggles. The interviews were analysed by applying narrative analysis – the ‘Listening Guide’ methodology – to explore their various voices and narratives. By using this methodology, this study sought to uncover additional knowledge regarding women’s forms of resistance in militarized societies. We emphasize the importance of women citizens’ voices, narratives and points of view by presenting activist women’s critical insights on activism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and literature. Their curiosity, agency, critical perspectives, and resistance can be viewed as counter-narratives that de-centre Israeli hegemonic masculinity and demand a critique of the national and militarized ideology. Our article seeks to demonstrate the importance of women’s perspectives, everyday life experiences, dilemmas and struggles in a reality of conflict and war.     

混混、乡村组织与基层治理内卷化——乡村混混的力量表达及后果

混混与乡村组织的交互作用,以及由此带来的一系列政治社会现象,成为我们理解基层治理样态和困境的新视域。改革开放后三十年,乡村混混逐渐实现从乡村社会边缘人向经济精英的转型,而这种转型与乡村组织援引混混等灰色势力参与基层治理存在高度关联。后税费时期,乡村混混与乡村治理组织形成利益同盟,共同占有国家自上而下的惠农政策资源和地方发展成果,导致的后果是混混的实力与国家政策倾斜力度和地方社会发展同步增长,基层治理合法性丧失,税费改革之后国家资源下乡并没有实现预期的政治效果,基层治理出现内卷化困境④。     

乡村振兴视角下乡镇公共文化服务体系建设路径探寻——以宜昌市夷陵区为例

乡村振兴,文化铸魂。实现乡村振兴,必须大力加强乡镇公共文化服务建设。本文以宜昌市夷陵区为例,总结乡镇公共文化服务体系建设中的经验,梳理存在的问题,并结合实际情况提出一些建议,以期为夷陵区以及其他地区创建公共文化服务体系示范区提供参考借鉴。     

School Adjustment in Rural and Urban Communities: Do Students from “Timbuktu” Differ from Their “City Slicker” Peers?

The primary purpose of our study was to explore the effects of rurality on school adjustment and other school-related variables. Using data from 167,738 7th–12th graders located in a national sample of 185 predominantly white communities, multilevel models were estimated for perceived school performance and school liking using a variety of individual-level (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and peer school performance) and community/school-level variables (e.g., school size, rurality, and percentage free/reduced lunch) as predictor variables. Rurality was not significantly related to school adjustment, but rather, the characteristics of individuals living within those communities were. Results also indicated that participation in school and non-school activities, a strength of rural schools, can play a positive role in school adjustment. Given the significant relationships of income and parental education to all of the school-related variables, a key long-term strategy may lie in improving the economic climate of rural areas.

La position des femmes en politique locale belge et l'impact des quotas

L'article étudie les quotas adoptés par les partis politiques belges. Les sections locales de parti ayant décrété des mesures supplémentaires étaient beaucoup plus nombreuses lors des élections locales en 2006 que lors des élections locales précédentes en 2000, ce qui indique que les partis politiques intègrent davantage la notion d'égalité. Par contre, les sections sont peu enthousiastes de trouver un meilleur équilibre par le biais de nouvelles mesures pour les fonctions élevées ou peu nombreuses. Une analyse mesurant l'impact du nombre de positions disponibles confirme une présence accrue de quotas au sein de sections locales disposant d'un nombre relativement élevé de positions. Les quotas se font aussi plus facilement accepter dans un climat idéologique imbibé par les notions d'égalité et dans un contexte où les femmes ont déjà balisé le chemin.     

The 2003 Russian Duma election and the decline in rural support for the communist party

The December 2003 Duma election was a landmark in Russian elections, marking a significant decline in electoral support for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF). This article explains the decline of support for the KPRF in the December 2003 election. Our specific focus is on the decline in rural support for the KPRF. This particular aspect is important because rural voters constituted a large portion of the KPRF's support throughout the 1990s. Using data from two rounds of surveys in several Russian regions, the article demonstrates that by 2003 the KPRF failed to capitalize on the ‘misery of the market,’ that is, to capture support from the ‘losers and malcontents’ during market reform, suggesting that KPRF supporters dealigned themselves from the party.     

费孝通的《乡土中国》对于新时代乡村社会治理的意义

费孝通的《乡土中国》是一部乡村社会学著作,该书不但说明了传统中国基层社会的乡土性质以及具有差序格局特征的社会结构形式,而且叙述了建立在这一社会结构基础上的治理方式,如礼治秩序、无讼、无为政治、长老统治等。当社会性质由乡土社会转变为现代社会,社会结构形式以及治理方式也随之发生改变。这一过程表现为内生性、渐进性、长期性的特征,基于此,乡土社会的治理方式对于现在的乡村社会治理就具有现实意义。借鉴乡土社会的治理方式,对于完善我国新时代乡村社会治理体系以及增强文化自信都具有重要意义。     

Can twitter change the Iranian legal landscape for women?

ABSTRACT

This article explores the effectiveness of international social media (Twitter) campaigns, as a modern form of transnational advocacy networks, seeking domestic legal change in Iran for women’s rights. Using the spiral model of human rights change and second wave normative theories, the article critiques current thought on social media as an advocacy tool using evidence from two Iranian campaigns. Gathering empirical data from the #stopstoning and #letwomengotostadium campaigns, the research finds that Twitter campaigns may be linked to regression in some areas of women’s rights. Early evidence indicates that social media may lead to amplified government backlash, lack of campaign persistence and foreign overshadowing of domestic voices, which all contribute to the ongoing problematisation of the role of transnational advocacy networks in domestic human rights change.     

推进农村城镇化必须以农业的纵深发展为前提

农业发展与农村城镇化之间存在着内在必然联系,他们相互作用,相互制约。农村城镇化的推进必须以农业发展为前提,需要我们高度重视农业、加大农业投入、推进农业技术进步、调整和优化农业产业结构、适度对农业进行保护和实施农业产业化经营,从而促进农村城镇化与农业发展的协调。