历史的选择 国情的需要——中国现行政党制度确立的历史回顾

中国共产党领导的多党合作制度的确立 ,经历了资产阶级革命、新民主主义革命和社会主义革命及建设的百年历史 ,经受了历史和国情的检验 ,最终被全国各族人民和各界人士所选择 ,进而证明中国现行政党制度是符合中国国情的 ,并对中国社会生产力的发展有着巨大的推动作用。     

第二次世界大战结束前日俄、日苏关系的特点

第二次世界大战前的日俄、日苏关系是影响东亚地区国际关系格局的重要双边关系。在日本明治维新以前日俄关系具有西方殖民列强与亚洲闭关锁国的封建国家之间关系的特点，总体态势是“俄攻日守”。明治维新到十月革命前的日俄关系具有老牌的殖民主义列强与新兴殖民主义列强之间关系的特点，日俄在东亚既有争夺，又有合作，日本逐渐占了上风。十月革命后日苏关系既有社会主义国家和帝国主义国家之间的关系、邻国关系的特点，又有较为浓厚的欧洲国家和亚洲国家之间关系的特点。这时期，两国之间始终未能建立真正的信赖关系，经历了“日攻苏守”到“苏攻日守”的转变过程。     

试论人类社会超越必然王国的路向——社会形态的发展何为自然历史过程

社会形态的发展是自然历史过程的原因,并非如以往所解释的那样──根源于生产力的发展受外在自然的制约,而主要在于生产关系是受内在自然(人的自然)所决定的人的物质需要的满足形式。在生产力高度发展的基础上,人们才能不再被物欲所束缚,摆脱内在自然的支配而获得自由。这样,社会形态的发展也就超越了自然历史过程,迈进自由王国。     

我们何在？为何在？——论资本叙事对历史的解构

本文在着重分析消费主义和技术主义的影响下人与物的现实关系的基础上，对经济决定论语境进行了反思和批判。     

历史文化因素与日本人的自杀行为

日本属高自杀率国家。日本人的自杀行为有着独特的历史文化因素:传统价值观对自杀行为的宽容甚至鼓励;史籍与语言——自杀的历史文化载体;日本源远流长的"武士道"精神及切腹的思想;审美意识中的自杀与自古的崇尚和渲染;对自杀的法律评价;集团意识、依赖心理与自杀的"传染性"、集体性;情感模式中的拘谨自制等。     

关于几个欧洲文学术语的翻译

在民族文学发展过程中,许多国家都出现了自己独特的文学样式。翻译这些为某国或某一文化圈所独具的文学事象时,我们不应牵强地“套用”译文所在国类似的或近似的文学术语,而应另铸新词,从而最大限度地保留原文的异域性和独特性的本色。     

在印尼发现历史--评范·勒尔《印尼的贸易与社会》

范·勒尔在《印尼的贸易与社会》一书中,第一次运用韦伯式社会学和经济史理论与方法来分析早期印尼及亚洲的贸易与社会,以广阔的视野对东西方贸易作了比较研究.他力图打破当时在西方广为流行的欧洲中心观,主张从亚洲自身来观察当地的经济和文化发展,提出每个地区都有着自身的不能为别的文明所取代的文明,同时各个文明之间有平等的价值和地位,从而为印尼及整个东方历史的重新解释找到新的途径.     

略论李大钊对中国近代法律史学的贡献

李大钊在史学领域卓有建树,其史学理论及史学思想不仅对中国史学发展有巨大的推动之功,还对近代中国法律史学发展具有深远的指导意义。他的唯物史观为考察法律现象提供了新的视角,开辟了研治中国近代法律史学的新路径。他不但对法律史的学科归属进行了界定,构建了新的法律史学科架构,而且提出了研究法律史学的科学方法,为近代中国法律史学的研究与编撰提供了宝贵的借鉴。     

The puzzle of manual harvest in Uzbekistan: economics,status and labour in the Khrushchev era

Uzbekistan has attracted international criticism for its use of child labour, defined as labour performed by youth under the Soviet legal limit of 16, to harvest cotton by hand. This article argues that manual labour, mostly performed by low-status children and women, became entrenched in Central Asian agriculture during the 1950s, and investigates the possible reasons for its persistence in the face of global trends to the contrary. The timing is a puzzle, because the 1950s were when mechanization of agriculture became a global development goal. The USSR participated in the mechanization trend. To understand better the roots of rural labour patterns in the Khrushchev period, we must consider how economic incentives and disincentives, gender relations, demographics, and state policy worked together.     

Physical growth and ethnic inequality in New Zealand prisons, 1840–1975

The British colonization of New Zealand after 1840 was marked by an unusual concern compared to other settler colonies to incorporate the indigenous Māori population into the new society. But despite a continuing political rhetoric of protection and sovereignty, Māori have historically had lower living standards and, since the 1920s, higher rates of incarceration than European-descended New Zealanders (Pākehā). In this article, the authors examine differences between Māori and Pākehā over 130 years using prison records. Aggregate data from the Ministry of Justice shows long-term change and differences in incarceration rates. Using a data set of all extant registers of men entering New Zealand prisons, the authors show change over time in convictions and in height. The adult statures of Māori and Pākehā were similar for men born before 1900, but marked differences emerged among cohorts born during the twentieth century. By the Second World War, the gap in adult stature widened to around 3 cm, before narrowing for men born after the Second World War. Periods of divergence in stature are paralleled by divergence in fertility and indicators of family size, suggesting the possibility that increasing fertility stressed the economic situation of Māori families. The prison evidence suggests that inequalities in ‘net nutrition’ between Māori and Pākehā are long-standing but not unchanging – indeed, they increased for cohorts born in the early twentieth century. A subset of the data describing adolescents confirms that, among those born after 1945, the ethnic differential was already visible by the age of 16.