Manifestations of delegative democracy in Russian local politics: what does it mean for the future of Russia?

In attempts to describe post-communist politics adequately, this paper employs the concept of delegative democracy for analyzing Russia's local politics. It argues that the election rather than appointment by the President of local governors in Russia has facilitated the establishment of a system which can be generally described as delegative democracy. This regime inherits free and contested elections from the democratic system and non-democratic methods of power consolidation from the authoritarian system. As a mixture of those two hardly reconcilable types of political system, delegative democracy in Russia has gained a shape and reached a certain degree of stability during 1993–95. This gain may delay the consolidation of representative democracy in Russia for an indefinite time and eventually lead to a new level of economic stagnation and a return to authoritarianism.     

双峰驼喉蝇生活习性的观察

驼喉蝇（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｐｉｎａｔｉｔｉｌａｔｏｒ）幼虫寄生于双峰驼的鼻腔、鼻甲及咽喉等部位，其成蝇出现于５～９月，在７～８月达到高峰。对被感染骆驼的剖检表明，寄生于骆驼体内的幼虫在当年６月到来年３月主要以Ⅰ期幼虫为主；３月下旬以Ⅱ期幼虫为主；４月下旬则以Ⅲ期幼虫为主，并开始排出体外进行蛹化，然后进一步羽化为成蝇。幼虫于５～６月在土深为５～１０ｃｍ，平均地温为２９℃，地表湿度为２４％～２８％的条件下，羽化成蝇的时间为１９～２１ｄ。该蝇的整个生活史以１ａ为一个繁衍周期，幼虫在骆驼体内寄生９～１０个月。雌性成蝇一次产幼虫５０～８０个，一生共产８００～９００个，其寿命为２周左右，雄蝇的寿命更短。     

中国千年佛经翻译的总结者--赞宁

宋代僧人赞宁 (919- 10 0 1)编撰的《宋高僧传》记载了从南北朝至宋朝五百余年间 38位译经高僧及其成果 ,总结了前人的经验并阐述了他自己独到的见解。本文论述了赞宁的翻译观和方法论 ,认为他在对我国译经史进行系统总结后提出的“折中适时”的原则填补了我国古代翻译史上“缺失”的一环 ,值得当今翻译史和翻译理论工作者的重视和进一步探讨。     

试析中西方心理学体系结合的方法问题——兼论“中国心理学史”研究的困境与改革

近30年前出版的中国心理学史教材,舍人文主义而取科学主义的心理学研究范式,形成了两种研究模式。一种以科学主义心理学的概念体系作为挖掘与整合的主要框架,使得中国古代心理学史的研究停留在外在逻辑水平。另一种是潘菽教授言传身行的科学性原则。潘菽避开了科学主义心理学的研究困境,认为中国古代心理学思想是否具有科学性,应该检验其是否合乎人的心理实际,是否有助于破解当代心理学的问题与提高心理学的科学性。中国心理学史的改革必须坚持潘菽教授的科学性原则,以开放的学科视角,兼容科学与人文范式,并蓄各种研究方法,才能发展出体现中国文化内在逻辑原则的心理学体系。     

中国土司研究百年学术史回顾

中国土司研究经历了启蒙期、低迷期、快速发展期和鼎盛期四个时期,在著作、史料、族谱和论文诸方面取得了非凡的成就。土司研究的内容大多体现在政治、社会、经济、军事、文化和重要事件等方面。其研究方法主要有文献法、实证法、调查研究法和历史人类学研究法等。纵观百年来土司研究,虽取得了较大成就,但也存在诸多不足。     

法律的社会史与法治

历史是无法切断的,作为一种治理模式的法治来说也是一样,法治的建构不可能凭空而为.研究法律史途径有三:法律的制度史、法律的思想史、法律的社会史.法治可从价值、规范与社会三个方面来解释,其中的社会解释在淡化法治的价值与规范的同时,必然指向对法律的社会史研究.其中,客观与开放的态度是我们所欠缺的,当然这并不意味着法律的社会史...     

《狱内侦查学》课程教法改革思路

课程的改革要依据课程的自身特点进行。《狱内侦查学》是一门理论与实践紧密结合的课程,要对该课程进行改革,必须从课程的历史沿革出发,对该课程的特点与特色予以阐明,进而有针对性地提出课程改革和创新的思路与办法。     

“集体表象”与立法中的公众参与:另类视角的审视

公众参与立法意义十分重大,但近年来我国公众参与立法的现状不能令人满意。理论界也往往着力从外部制度的建构与完善方面予以探讨,但收效甚微。在立法中的公众参与问题上引入"心史"研究的方法,以一种内部视角来深入考察文明早期的人类体验是如何影响当代公众的思维与行为模式,或具有更为重要的理论指导意义。     

Psychopathy, intelligence and conviction history

The current study examined the relationship between psychopathy, intelligence and two variables describing the conviction history (length of conviction and number of prior convictions). It was hypothesized that psychopathy factors (interpersonal and antisocial factors assuming a 2-factor model or interpersonal, affective, lifestyle and antisocial factors assuming a 4-factor model) would be related in different ways to IQ scores, length of conviction and number of prior convictions. Psychopathy and IQ were assessed using the PCL:SV and the CFT 20-R respectively. Results indicated no association between interpersonal psychopathy features (Factor 1, two-factor model), IQ and the number of prior convictions but a positive association between Factor 1 and the length of conviction. Antisocial features (Factor 2, two-factor model) were negatively related to IQ and the length of conviction and positively related to the number of prior convictions. Results were further differentiated for the four-factor model of psychopathy. The relationship between IQ and psychopathy features was further assessed by statistically isolating the effects of the two factors of psychopathy. It was found that individuals scoring high on interpersonal features of psychopathy are more intelligent than those scoring high on antisocial features, but less intelligent than those scoring low on both psychopathy features. The results underpin the importance of allocating psychopathic individuals to subgroups on the basis of personality characteristics and criminological features. These subgroups may identify different types of offenders and may be highly valuable for defining treatment needs and risk of future violence.     

"跨文化相互作用"理论与近代中德关系史研究

自上个世纪90年代起,德国柏林自由大学东亚研究所以罗梅君教授为首的中德关系史研究小组,一反传统的、以政治外交为重点的中德关系史编纂模式和现代化理论,提出了跨文化相互作用的新理论,并通过具体实践,把这一理论付诸运用,取得了重要研究成果。跨文化相互作用的理论和实践不仅颠覆了欧洲中心论在近代中德关系史研究中的霸权地位,也为近代中德关系史研究提供了切实可行的理论方法论工具和值得借鉴的范例。