美国反倾销司法审查制度研究

美国反倾销司法审查制度是美国反倾销法的重要组成部分,它主要包括司法审查的主管机构、司法审查的范围、提起司法审查的主体以及司法的审查标准等内容,是美国三权分立,权力制衡宪法原则的体现。中国企业在应对美国的反倾销指控时,应充分利用该司法救济制度维护自己的合法权益,但同时要注意该司法审查制度存在的局限性,避免不必要的资源浪费。     

愿景与现实的矛盾触碰--美国心理战略委员会东南亚心理战略的筹划、实施与结果

为了遏制共产主义在东南亚的渗透,在美国国家安全委员会的指示下,心理战略委员会特别成立了一个东南亚计划小组来负责制定编号为PSB D-23号的东南亚心理战略计划。但是,在PSB D-23号文件筹划过程中,国务院、中央情报局等部门对如何扩大在东南亚的心理战略计划有不同的看法,使得该文件的制定过程颇多磨难。虽然经过妥协,该计划最终得到国家安全委员会通过,但其实施效果却不应过分夸大。     

黄芪-丹参对动脉粥样硬化大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 研究黄芪-丹参对动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,AS）大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀组（1 mg/kg）、黄芪-丹参组（0.75 g/kg）,采用高脂饲料喂养联合腹腔注射维生素D3 8周的方法复制AS模型,同时灌胃给药。采用自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（Triacylglycerol, TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）水平,光学显微镜下观察胸主动脉病理变化,采用生物信息分析方法观察大鼠结肠内容物肠道菌群变化。结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平明显升高（P<0.05）,HDL-C水平明显降低（P<0.05）,胸主动脉血管内皮损伤严重,可见明显蓝色钙状斑块,结肠内容物肠道菌群Berger-Parker、Simpson指数明显降低（P<0.05）,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）和杜氏杆菌属（Dubosiella）群落丰度明显降低（P<0.05）,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）以及布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）、unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group群落丰度明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,黄芪-丹参组大鼠血清血脂和炎症因子水平明显改善（P<0.05）,胸主动脉血管内皮无明显损伤及增厚,大致恢复正常,结肠内容物肠道菌群Berger-Parker、Simpson指数明显升高（P<0.05）,放线菌门、乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和杜氏杆菌属群落丰度明显升高（P<0.05）,变形菌门、疣微菌门以及布劳特氏菌属、unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae和Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group群落丰度明显降低（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 黄芪-丹参治疗AS的作用机制可能是通过调控肠道菌群改善血脂代谢和抑制炎症水平实现的。     

米尔斯基和他的《俄国文学史》

"公爵同志"米尔斯基是20世纪二三十年代欧美和苏联文学界、知识界的重要人物之一,他充满突转的生活经历和坚忍不拔的文学活动构成文坛的一段传奇,甚或那一代俄国知识分子之命运的缩影和象征。他用英文撰写的《俄国文学史》被纳博科夫称为"用包括俄语在内的所有语言写就的最好一部俄国文学史",所谓"米尔斯基文学史"因其"折中主义"的文学史观、主客观统一的批评手法和极富个性的话语风格而独树一帜,被视为西方俄国文学研究的奠基之作,长期被欧美高校斯拉夫系用作俄国文学史教材,其影响历久不衰。     

美国法典1404(a)与非方便法院原则辨析

由于美国法典28卷1404（a）条款的立法规定在功能与措辞上均非常类似普通法上的非方便法院原则,因此很多学者误以为该立法规定与非方便法院原则之间并不存在实质性的差异。然而,这一看法并不正确。事实上,1404（a）条款立法在法律效果、证明标准以及具体适用方面均与非方便法院原则存在显著的区别。     

Bush: The Sequel

This article examines the likely foreign policy initiatives of the U.S. under the leadership of George W. Bush. The new president has outlined a fairly thorough critique of America's international behavior in the 1990s. Because a leader's public statements arguably serve to persuade various audiences and to build support for policy change, the article takes Bush's words quite seriously—along with those spoken or written by his closest foreign affairs advisors. Bush intends to abandon the so-called Clinton Doctrine and deploy national missile defenses. He is critical of American policies toward China and Russia, but has not presented bold new initiatives toward those powers. Under the rubric of "compassionate conservatism," Bush may alter U.S. relations toward the Global South in some interesting ways. The president and his advisors often purport to be realists, but the article demonstrates that their own words belie this claim as they often justify policies based on ideals rather than the pursuit of power.     

Consolidating ZIP Codes for Small Area Fair Market Rents: A Method for Implementing the New Rule

Fair Market Rents (FMRs), calculated for an entire metropolitan region, are used to establish payment standards for the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program. In response to recent criticism that FMRs do not represent rent disparity and restrict households from moving to high-opportunity areas, a new rule introducing Small Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMRs) has been issued. SAFMRs are based on ZIP codes to reflect local market rents and increase the number of payment standards used to administer the HCV program. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the number of payment standards can be reduced by consolidating ZIP codes, while adhering to the primary objectives of the SAFMR rule. The ZIP code grouping process conducted offers one method for reducing the number of payment standards needed to implement the new rule; however, the rent analysis reveals the over- and underestimation of SAFMRs for some ZIP codes.     

Fund Accounting from the Italian Early Tradition to the U.S. GAAP for Governments

Surprising correspondences emerge from the parallel investigation of fund accounting practices in Italian entities until the late nineteenth century and in the contemporary U.S. public sector. The analysis attempts to interpret similarities and differences in light of dissimilar environmental features, and wonders if the Italian tradition could have some explanatory capability on the U.S. present standards. The “fund” concept and its use are strictly similar; they are founded on information needs for governance and internal control. Contemporary requirements for democracy and transparency, and opportunities coming from modern ICT tools bring U.S. organizations to be accountable to the citizenry.     

The Characteristics and Unmet Housing Program Needs of Disabled HUD-Assisted Households

The mismatch between the housing needs of persons with a disability and the housing programs designed to accommodate those needs is an important housing policy concern. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sponsors several programs designed to improve the housing conditions of persons with a disability, but we know little about the characteristics of persons with a disability, among those receiving federal housing assistance, or the degree to which persons with a disability are served by HUD-sponsored housing programs that are designed to meet the needs of persons with a disability. Our study relies on administrative data from HUD and the U.S. Census Bureau to address this research gap. We find that many persons with a disability are served by HUD-sponsored programs that are not designated for persons with a disability, even when disability accommodations have been requested, and a similarly large share of persons with a disability live in potentially eligible low-income households that do not receive HUD assistance.     

Fiscal Austerity and Rental Housing Policy in the United States and United Kingdom, 2010–2016

After the 2008 global financial crisis, both the United States and the United Kingdom introduced austerity policies targeted at particular elements of their national budgets. The purpose of this article is to compare the nature of this retrenchment; the similarities and differences in how it was implemented; and its initial impacts on one of the expenditure areas particularly affected: affordable rental housing programs and housing support for low-income households. Using a wide range of data sources, we find evidence of political and fiscal policy analogies in the timing and forms of the initial policy choices and how these were modified in the face of economic and political pressures. There are considerable similarities both in the instruments used to reduce housing expenditures and in the early impacts on support mechanisms and recipients. However, we find different histories and trajectories of support between the two countries that suggest that the longer term differences in outcomes may be more important.