Race-Based Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Litigation from the U.S. Court of Appeals, 2002–2006

This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror. An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases. As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed. This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University.     

Two examples of null alleles at the D19S433 locus due to the same 4 bp deletion in the presumptive primer binding site of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit

Two cases of allelic loss at the D19S433 locus after multiplex PCR with the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems) are described. In both cases the failure of PCR resulted in genetic inconsistencies due to opposite homozygosity. After singleplex PCR with published primers additional alleles were observed and Mendelian inheritance was restored. These PCR products were sequenced and in both cases the same 4 bp deletion near the 3′ end of the repeat region was detected in two alleles of different length. The frequency of these null alleles (two events in 1026 allelic transfers) amounts to 0.0019 (95% confidence limits: 0.0002-0.0070).     

一些常见药物在ODS柱上的分离

应用高效液相色谱技术,进行药物的分离、分析已有很多报导。为了在尽可能简便的条件下.较为有效地进行一些药物,主要是弱极性结构药物的初步判断,我们采用 ODS 柱做了些探索。对于一些常见药物,如巴比妥类、安定类、解热镇痛类及某些抗菌素类药物均能观察到较为满意的分离效果。     

我国规模化肉牛场牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病流行状况监测

从山东、河南和河北省的６个规模化肉牛场随机采肉牛血清８９份，直肠粪拭子１６５份，分别用微量细胞中和试验和双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒检测牛病毒性腹泻粘膜病（ＢＶＤＭＤ）的抗体和抗原。诊断结果：ＢＶＤＭＤ中和抗体阳性率为４６．２％～６５．０％；ＢＶＤＭＤ病毒抗原阳性检出率为５．１％～７７．２％。从而证实我国中原地区肉牛群中存在有ＢＶＤＭＤ。     

狐狸奇异变形杆菌的分离与鉴定

无菌采取病死狐狸内脏,用LB液体培养基和麦康凯琼脂平板培养,分离到1株细菌,通过对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生化特性进行分析,初步鉴定为变形杆菌。用PCR方法扩增该分离菌株的16 SrRNA基因,结果获得大小为1 539 bp的DNA片段(已登录GenBank,登录号EU643833)。经BLAST分析,结果表明,该分离株的16 S rRNA基因核苷酸序列与GenBank上登录的奇异变形杆菌分离株(AY820623、EF091150)的同源性为99.7%,证实该分离菌株为狐狸奇异变形杆菌,并命名为HU/08。致病性试验证明,该分离菌株对小白鼠有高致病性;毒素测定试验证明,该分离菌培养液的无菌滤液对小白鼠无毒性作用。     

石胆酸诱发豚鼠胆囊炎动物模型的病理学研究

以酶病理组织化学方法结合胆汁生化分析，研究了石胆酸（ＬＣＡ）诱发豚鼠胆囊炎和胆结石的形成过程中，肝胆系统内源性β葡萄糖苷酸酶（βＧＣＤ）、酸性粘多糖及多种胆汁成分的变化。结果表明，ＬＣＡ能造成肝损伤，引起豚鼠增生性胆囊炎病变；肝和胆囊中内源性βＧＣＤ活性明显升高；胆汁βＧＣＤ含量显著升高，且与ＵＣＢ／ＴＢ比值显著正相关。     

一种简便的DNA提取方法在动物毛发检验中的应用

目的建立一种简便的DNA提取方法,用于动物毛干的DNA抽提。方法利用PCR缓冲液及蛋白酶K在PCR仪上对毛发进行消化,以此DNA为模板,扩增mtDNA 12S rRNA基因的部分片段并进行序列测定,测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST搜索,再利用DNAMAN软件进行同源性分析。结果利用这种新DNA抽提法能从无毛囊毛发中获得后续PCR扩增所需的线粒体DNA。结论该法在无毛囊毛发样本鉴定中具有较高的应用价值。     

美国海事法规则B保全措施述评

概述美国海事补充规则之规则B的适用条件,并对电子转账的保全、辅助国外仲裁/诉讼的保全、执行国外裁决或判决的保全及对保全的抗辩进行介绍,并分析规则B的最新发展。     

中国汉族人群2个高变MVR基因座遗传多态性

常染色体小卫星基因座D16S309(MS205)位于16p13.3(AE006466)[1],核心序列为45~54bp,重复次数8~87次[2]。D2S44(YNH24)基因座位于2q21.3-q22(AJ001534)[3],核心序列为31bp。本文采用MVR-PCR技术,选择重复单位3′侧翼区引物(公共引物)和MVR特异性引物匹配进行PCR扩增,对中国河北汉族人群2个基因座遗传多态性进行了调查。1材料与方法1.1样本及DNA提取116份枸橼酸钠抗凝血样由河北省血液中心提供,采自无血缘关系汉族健康个体。常规饱和酚-氯仿法提取DNA。1.2MVR-PCRD16S309引物序列参见文献[2,4]。反应体系为25μl,分别加入5μl…     

The distorting effects of racial animus on proximity voting in the 2016 elections

While the use of racial appeals by the 2016 Trump campaign is indisputable, researchers are actively debating their precise role in influencing voter behavior in the election. We seek to expand upon existing research which finds that racial animus electorally benefited the Trump campaign. We examine to what extent those benefits also materialized for GOP candidates down-ballot and whether racial animus distorted ideological proximity voting in the 2016 election. We find that racial animus among voters helped Republicans at multiple ballot levels and that higher levels of racial animus distorted spatial voting among voters ideologically closest to the Democratic candidate.