Military Tribunals or Civilian Prosecution: The Dilemma of Unlawful Enemy Combatants

As twenty first century America grapples with an increasingly amorphous yet sophisticated terrorist threat, it is illuminating to examine the evolving role of military and civilian courts and laws in our history and their relationship to due process and civil liberties during times of conflict. Caught in the gray area are those individuals who came to be designated as unlawful enemy combatants. Not quite soldier, spy, saboteur, or common criminal these new stateless terrorists have been held by some to be at the complete mercy of the Commander-in-Chief. As history has shown, in the wake of armed conflict, executive authority is often enhanced and tolerated in the name of national security. However, when these broadened powers cease to be regarded as an immediate necessity, the levers of politics, the Courts, and diplomacy invariably act to define both the limits on governmental authority as well as the extent of individual protections.     

现代俄罗斯行政改革的前提及其历史进程

同为转型期的大国,邻国俄罗斯行政改革的经验与教训尤其值得我们关注。在经历了多年的尝试与探索之后,其酝酿已久的行政改革纲要终于在2003年得以系统实施,并于2005年进行调整与补充。这种自上而下的改革必须保证权力中心的一致及社会的支持和参与。改革纲要的制定既不可忽视又不可照搬他国经验。     

论行政首长出庭应诉制度

法院受理的行政案件中，作为被告方的政府部门，很少由其行政首长亲自出庭应诉，这便是人们所称的“民告官不见官”现象。实践证明，行政首长不出庭应诉的弊端重重，与法治国家的建设严重脱节。构建一个具有法律效力的行政首长出庭应诉制度已成为完善我国行政诉讼制度的重要课题。本文考察了司法实务中行政首长作为被告出庭的现状，在此基础上分析了其出庭率低的原因，通过列举的方式回答了该制度的可行性及目前有些学者的争议。、最后笔者提出了四条构建完善行政首长出庭应诉制的建议，希望尽快统一规范其内容，赋予其法律效力，为我国法治化的建设服务．、     

农村义务教育中"两免一补"规定的法律分析——以行政给付为视角

"两免一补"行政给付在法律规定,运行程序和法律救济方面存在着一些问题,通过法律明确规定、补偿立法,程序中增加说明理由和听证程序,完善诉讼制度和法律外途径,形成一个完善的"两免一补"程序运行及保障机制.     

试论服务型政府视域下乡镇政府执行力的提升

建设服务型政府的重点是保障和改善民生,让公众受益。乡镇政府作为最基层的行政机关,基层性、直接性和广泛性是其最大特点。乡镇政府政策执行力的高低直接关系到与群众利益相关的各项政策的实施。服务型政府的建设迫切需要提高乡镇政府执行力。本文剖析了制约我国乡镇政府执行力提升的因素,在此基础上提出了提升乡镇政府执行力的相关建议,以期对我国服务型政府建设有所裨益。     

视频分享网站版权间接侵权责任的认定——以电影《集结号》版权纠纷案为例

视频网站是否对相关视频负有监督审查义务,以及如何才能在版权纠纷中得到安全港的保护是认定其是否构成间接侵权的关键。《集结号》案表明只有尽到合理注意义务,善意、谨慎的视频网站才能获得安全港的保护,免除间接侵权责任。     

政治背景人士担任公司高管的法律问题研究

本文认为,政治背景人士可担任公司高管从事营利性活动极易利用自己的政治背景为公司谋取本不属于该公司的机会和利益,对同业市场主体间的公平竞争造成损害;部分政治背景人士同时担任多家公司高管,难免对任职的公司造成不公.同时,政治背景人士担任公司高管亦会产生具体的法律问题,由于现行法律法规的缺失和不周延,必须从公法、私法和社会法三个法域予以立法完善.     

干部院校构建教学质量监控体系的理论与实践

干部院校构建教学质量监控体系是加强干部教学质量管理的核心内容。从干部培训指导原则和院校的办学定位出发,在探究、建立教学质量监控体系的建设目标和理论依据的基础上,不断改进和完善院校监控、业务部门监控、教师监控、学员评教和信息反馈与调控等教学机制,才能构建干部院校的教学质量监控体系。     

行政首长负责制的内涵与制度考量

在我国现行宪法中，明确规定了行政首长负责制度。通过对“行政首长”、“负责”等基本概念的分析可见，行政首长负责制是提升行政效率的必然之举；通过与法院委员会制比较，厘清行政首长负责制的固有属性。行政首长负责制所能够适应的领域以及相关理念制度构成了行政首长负责制得以运行的生态环境，通过内外两个层面的剖析，在深层次上探索权力运行的新模式。     

The foreign policy of the Zuma government: pursuing the ‘national interest’?

It was after much anticipation that members of the new Jacob Zuma foreign policy executive announced that, for the duration of their term, South Africa's foreign policy would be based on the doctrine of advancing ‘the national interest’, conceptualised simply as the ‘most vital needs’ of the country. However, almost two years since taking control of the levers of policy and political power, the South African government has yet to spell out in detail what constituted the national interest or how such interest would be pursued. In spite of this lacuna, senior members of the new foreign policy inner-elite continue to proclaim the national interest, and proceed to spell out grander foreign policy goals that they would pursue under the banner of a ‘new’ developmental agenda. These include consolidating the African agenda; deepening South–South cooperation; expanding South–North relations; strengthening foreign political and economic ties generally; and participating in a global system of governance. To date, this proclamation that the national interest will be the beam that will guide foreign policy has remained little more than a statement of intent and much conjecture. The challenge is to move beyond rhetoric and intentions and to define the national interest and to articulate a coherent foreign policy going forward. This will require concrete proposals on the basis of thorough-going domestic–foreign policy linkages.