The Procedural School of Sao Paulo

The Procedural School of Sao Paulo originated itself from the lessons of Enrico TuUio Liebman, Italian scholar, during his stay in Brazil at the time of the Second World War, and consisted of the gathering of local studious participants who had a methodological unity and a scientific point of view of the procedure. The School spread for all the country. The master died in 1986, but his influence is still alive among us. Everywhere and in every Brazilian author＇s writings, one may recognize the master＇s method as well as his most important ideas.     

越南当代文学创作中的悲剧意识

悲剧是通过矛盾冲突,描绘人们遭受不应遭受的厄运,描绘美好正确的东西受到摧残、失败或者毁灭。它强烈地激起人们悲哀、愤怒的情感,使人们的灵魂得到净化。20世纪80年代,悲剧意识开始重返越南文学创作舞台,为文学带来了崭新的面貌。由于社会由计划经济向市场经济体制转型,生活变得丰富、复杂、紧张起来。正是现实生活中充满悲剧色彩的典型矛盾与冲突打开了作家们的悲剧意识。     

China's new regulatory regime tailored for the sharing economy: The case of Uber under Chinese local government regulation in comparison to the EU,US, and the UK

Although Uber's arrival in China has resulted in disruptive competition for incumbent taxi companies, it offers an attractive alternative in China's supply-demand-imbalanced urban passenger transport system. China's regulatory regime for Uber has evolved in three stages: from the regulatory vacuum prior to 2015 to its official legalization in 2015–2016, and the enactment of numerous local regulations in 2016, with specific and more demanding requirements for Uber. This policy is a part of the Chinese approach to the gradual liberalization of the urban passenger transport market. Policymakers should consider ‘fair competition’ as the guiding principle to balance the interests of sharing firms and incumbent service providers, as well as between different sharing firms. The core value of this principle lies in the benefits it provides for consumers and the way it engenders a pro-competitive market environment. The labor protection arrangements for sharing firms’ laborers should be more flexible and diversified. In order to recognize whether an Uber-Driver is an employee or independent contractor, a new standard taking into account a range of factors should be established through collective negotiations between the participants of the sharing economy, and dialogues between members of the judiciary, academics, and the policymakers. Further, consumer protection law and personal data protection provisions should apply when sharing firms misuse their distinctive algorithmic management model to compete unfairly to the detriment of consumers and other users. Ex ante regulatory measures designed to protect the personal data of users should be introduced for deployment in the context of the sharing economy. When enforcing these rules, a balance should be struck ensuring free data flow that is essential to sharing firms’ innovation and competition, and the need to ensure the level of data security required to underpin a well-functioning sharing society.     

朝贡体系下古代东亚秩序形成与维系的内在逻辑——批判地借鉴英国学派的分析方法

古代东亚秩序的形成与维系,同历史悠久的朝贡体系有着直接的关系。因此,要有效揭示古代东亚秩序的内在逻辑,应当批判地借鉴以历史主义见长的英国学派的分析方法,探讨朝贡体系的运行机制和内在本质。在古代,中国与朝鲜长时段的朝贡体系实质上是一种由中国主导并以其特有文化为基础、周边诸政权普遍认可和积极参与的特殊国际制度。就中国而言,完全独立的政治体制、自给自足的经济结构、等级制的世界观,使其对外部的需求仅限于其他政权对其至高无上地位的承认及其对相关制度安排的服从。而对周边诸政权来说,只有与实力超强的中国建立朝贡关系,它们才能获得合法性和安全保障,并取得与中国贸易的机会,从而实现生存与发展两大目标。由此可以得出如下结论：在缺乏文化共识的前提下,由地区强国主导,可以促成某种功能性的国际制度,使地区秩序得以维护,并在交往过程中反向促成文化认同。这一结论修正了英国学派关于共有文化与国际制度的关系的观点。     

对毕达哥拉斯学派宗教性的探讨

毕达哥拉斯学派曾为古希腊的显学,赫一时。该学派曾对包括柏拉图在内的诸多哲学家和整个西方哲学界产生影响。故其学说内容一直被历代哲学家和历史学家所探讨研究。立足于毕达哥拉斯学派的哲学思想,对其有宗教倾向的思想的内在逻辑进行了探讨。通过这些探讨,我们可以更好更深入地理解毕达哥拉斯学派的思想,并对学界有关"毕达哥拉斯学派是否为宗教"的争论提出了笔者自己的答案。     

美国中小学校园枪击案管窥

本文例举了美国中小学近年来发生的枪击案,分析其特点、背景,指出其危害,引发对我国中小学教育的思考。     

Knowledge is Power: A Theory-Based Approach to Reducing School Violence

The study assesses the impact of a theory-based school violence program though a survey of 1,500 middle and high school students. It is the first to apply the concept of optimistic bias within the school violence context. Despite high profile school shootings, the students maintained the belief that violence was less likely to happen to them (personally) or in their schools than elsewhere in the country. Findings indicate that optimistic bias can be reduced through educational campaigns, and suggest a means of reducing violence by first reducing optimistic bias.     

The Common Root of Commitment,Resistance and Power

Abstract

This essay responds to some of the questions raised by Infinitely Demanding from the perspective of tragic conflicts. On this view, the struggle for power cannot be disentangled from the freedom at stake in liberalism and capitalism, nor from the efforts of individuals and groups to resist the powers that be. I suggest, moreover, that this entanglement threatens to divide from within not just the ethical subject, but groups and institutions as well.     

自残与自慰--走向精神的悲剧

在余华的部分作品中显示出一种精神走向--以"自残"来表达对传统文化的决绝,以"自慰"来抗拒突围的精神阵痛,在接受命运、苦难和亲情的同时走向悲剧精神.     

A Comparison of 9th and 10th Grade Boys'and Girls' Bullying Behaviors in Two States

Abstract

This paper compared the bully behaviors of 250 9th and l0th grade boys and girls in four schools in Texas and Nebraska. Nearly one-third of girls and one-fifth of boys observed bullying often. The most common kind of bullying for both boys and girls was hurtful teasing and name-calling. Boys bullied using more physical violence, while girls reported less; however, both boys and girls indicated they were threatened with harm more than 26% of the time when bullied.