均匀设计法优选肝豆汤的效应中药配伍

目的 基于均匀设计法筛选中药复方肝豆汤保护TX小鼠神经细胞的效应中药。方法 基于“6因子11水平表”均匀设计法,以神经细胞内Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平及血清和脑组织中铜含量为指标,以TX小鼠为Wilson病动物模型,采用多元逐步回归分析法优选肝豆汤中6种药物（大黄、姜黄、黄连、泽泻、金钱草、三七）的效应中药配伍。采用Western blot法以及等离子质谱法分别测定细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和血清、脑组织铜含量。结果 与对照组比较,TX小鼠脑组织中Bcl-2表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）,Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,脑组织铜含量显著升高（P<0.05）,血清铜含量显著降低（P<0.05）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,姜黄和大黄分别进入血清铜含量及脑组织铜含量的回归方程,黄连和泽泻均进入脑组织Bcl-2和Bax表达水平的回归方程,姜黄和金钱草分别进入神经细胞Bcl-2/Bax的回归方程,三七均未进入上述指标的回归方程。结论 肝豆汤中大黄、姜黄、黄连、泽泻、金钱草配伍组合,可通过多靶点保护TX小鼠神经细胞;三七在保护TX小鼠神经细胞过程中未发挥明显效应。     

益肤乳膏剂制备工艺研究

目的 优选益肤乳膏剂最稳定配方及制备工艺。方法 筛选不同乳剂基质和不同乳化剂;并以外观性状和离心效果为指标,经正交设计试验对益肤乳膏的制备工艺进行优化。结果 益肤乳膏处方中油相比为33.6%,乳化剂选用甘油酯44/14和乳化-OP做混合乳化剂时最为稳定。在制备工艺中,采用水相加入油相、控制乳化温度在80 ℃、乳化时间30 min、搅拌速度750 r/min条件下制得的成品外观色泽佳,皮肤感觉良好,稳定性高。结论 所优选的益肤乳膏剂制备工艺简便、合理,所得制剂稳定,适用于工业化生产。     

针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床正交设计观察

目的 对腰椎间盘突出症的针刺治疗方案进行初步优选。方法 以48例腰椎间盘突出症患者为观察对象,以视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会（Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA）评分系统为评价指标,以针刺腰夹脊穴为主要治疗方法,采用四因素二水平正交设计方案,对加强局部选穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率、针刺间隔时间的组合方案进行优选。结果 加强局部取穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率3个因素两水平间的VAS及JOA评分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;针刺时间间隔两水平之间VAS及JOA评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;交互作用中,加强局部取穴与电针频率4 Hz、循经远端取穴与电针频率4 Hz的交互作用最为显著。结论 腰椎间盘突出症宜针刺夹脊穴,配合加强局部取穴和循经远端取穴,电针频率4 Hz,隔日治疗1次。     

Enhancing Delivery and Assessment: A Case Study in Module Redesign for Improved Transition Into Higher Education

Understanding student transition into higher education is an important aspect of module design, linking content, delivery, and assessment with a student’s prior educational experience and knowledge bases. However, reflections on how modules designed choices are, generally, not widely disseminated. Here, we document the reflections of a junior lecturer responsible for redesigning a Level-4 Political Systems module and analyze the intentions of change via a transition pedagogy perspective, presenting a program renewal that establishes connected curriculum as an enabling infrastructure for students to actively engage with learning. First-year experience is considered as a major impacting factor of a student’s subsequent success on a program of higher education and the diversification of student cohorts requires teaching staff to consider a wider number of intersectional factors that may impact on a student’s opportunity to succeed in their studies. With a focus on simulations and active-learning, by providing examples of the thinking behind the resultant activities and assessment realignment we hope to provide an example of how a transition approach to a first-year module can be explored.     

First-time boost beats experience: The effect of past eligibility on turnout

Recent findings from the US indicate a clear positive causal effect of past eligibility on voting in subsequent elections. Based on individual-level register data from four elections held in Denmark and Finland, we find that past eligibility either decreases voting propensity or has a zero effect among young voters. The hype associated with the first elections thus appears to cancel out the habit among young adults in countries where the institutional barriers against voting are weak. Moreover, differences across the types of elections can be noted. The negative effect of past eligibility is strongest in elections characterized by low saliency, implying that high-salient elections mobilize all voters equally and therefore narrow the gap between first and second-time eligible voters.     

如何提高期刊版式设计的视觉效果

期刊的版式设计是文字表达内容和完美艺术形式相结合的创作。它除了要遵循期刊版式设计的一般规律和美学原则之外 ,还应该强化期刊版式设计的视觉效果 ,在编排和制作上保持高格调、高亲和度和令人回味的欣赏价值。版式设计是为了更强地引导读者的视线 ,获得最佳的视觉效果和美的愉悦。     

治理信用缺失的法律责任制度设计

导致我国信用缺失的最根本原因是法律责任制度的不完善.健康的市场经济必须要有完善合理的信用法律责任制度来维系.我国现行的信用法律责任制度的缺陷表现为设定缺乏、设置非适度和规定的缺位.只有从多角度综合运用各种责任形式,进行完善的信用责任制度设计才能最终为市场经济的发展保驾护航.     

Presidential activism and government termination in dual-executive Ukraine

The limits on presidential authority in premier-presidential regimes permit legislatures to wield preeminent influence over government formation and termination. This article shows that even without formal powers to dismiss the prime minister, the president may play a decisive role in government replacement. The article compares three successful and one failed attempt by the president to unseat the prime minister in Ukraine under a premier-presidential system. Based on a review of the significance of 10 variables accounting for presidential activism, it finds that the president’s informal control over institutional veto players as well as the unity of his party faction and cooperation of opposition groups were necessary for the success of attempted cabinet turnover.     

Designing Ethical Online Dispute Resolution Systems: The Rise of the Fourth Party

As the pandemic forces public and private institutions to move online, many court and business leaders are looking to the field of online dispute resolution (ODR) for best practices and lessons learned. Developed over the last twenty years, largely in response to the growth of e‐commerce, the ODR field has generated a deep well of theory and practice while also identifying potential ethical dilemmas and risks. The application of technology, the “fourth party,” plays an increasingly integral role in how we negotiate resolutions to our disputes, with or without a third party. A brief overview of the history of ODR’s development will set the context for the exploration of the range of tools and techniques encompassed by online dispute resolution. Consideration of the ethical challenges raised by ODR practice will illuminate key questions and choices that need to be made in designing ODR systems and in governing their use.     

东南亚教育官员在华汉语研修教学设计

东南亚教育官员因其职业特殊性,在东南亚国家华文教育事业中的地位举足轻重。作为汉语学习者,他们具有不同于一般学习者的学习特征。本文通过发现他们的学习者特征,以建构主义学习理论为指导进行教学设计,在10期教学实践的基础上对教学实施过程和教学方法进行分析,并测评教学效果,完成既定教学目标。