我国《物权法》立法技术若干缺陷的分析与完善

我国《物权法》的制定总体上是成功的,吸收了近年来我国物权法理论研究的成果以及国外一些先进成功的立法经验,但在立法技术上也存在着若干缺陷。本文从理论上对《物权法》的立法技术缺陷予以分析,并进行了比较充分的论证,提出了相应的完善建议和构想,以期对我国《物权法》和物权制度的修改和完善有所裨益。     

行政权力的政治监督——以美国行政法为视角

探讨美国联邦政府不同部门对行政权力的政治制衡,主要包括议会、行政首长以及行政部门的自我监督。美国经验表明,政治监督是防止行政滥用权力的重要保障。事实上,有效的政治监督是行政法治的必要条件。     

环境侵权侵害排除责任研究

在环境侵权诉讼中,在适用损害赔偿责任方式的同时,适用能够充分发挥环境侵权民事责任的抑制和预防功能的侵害排除责任方式尤为重要.因此,我国应尽快制定《环境侵权民事责任法》,以解决我国现行法律规范中存在的问题;与此同时,法院应采取阶段性利益衡量论以决定是否适用侵害排除责任方式.     

建立我国空间建设用地使用权制度若干问题的探讨

我国《物权法 (征求意见稿 )》借鉴其他国家立法例 ,在“建设用地使用权”一章中规定了“空间建设用地使用权”。但是 ,有关该项权利的概念、性质、目的 ,以及应当采取何种立法例建立该项权利等问题 ,存在较大争议。有必要认真探讨 ,以使该项制度的建立既能反映时代潮流 ,又能切合中国实际。     

P．3804咸通七年愿文与张议潮入京前夕的庆寺法会

通过校注P.3804正面所抄愿文,并结合P.3770《张族庆寺文》等进行综合分析,可以认为这两件文书撰写于咸通七年八月,正值张议潮束身归阙前夕.此前数月张议潭逝于长安,唐廷遂频繁催促张议潮入京.张议潮只得在所建佛寺尚未完全竣工时,仓促举办以庆祝寺院落成为名的法会.其深层目的,乃是在离开敦煌前夕炫耀己威,以稳定和拉拢人心.此两文便是为该法会而作,文中在称张议潮为司空的同时,又有多处称其为尚书,表明以往学界所持归义军首领获得新称号后即不再使用旧称号的观点,应予修正;在以称号为据为文书断代时,也应慎重考虑新旧称号交替并行的因素.     

西方法律形式合理性形成中的数学因素

数学思维对亚里士多德的三段论逻辑体系的形成起着决定性的影啊,而西方文化逻辑就主要建立在亚里士多德的三段论逻辑体系之上。由于西方的数学是演绎数学,具有形式化的特点,所以,建立在演绎数学基础上的西方文化逻辑便具有注重形式化的特点。西方文化逻辑对西方文化中的所有学科都有影响,法律也不例外。西方的思维方式很大程度上是建立在演绎数学的基础之上,所以,受思维方式影响的西方法律也必然具有形式化的特点,即注重法律形式合理性。由于数学是理性的化身,所以,近现代西方法律理性化的结果使法律得到了数学理性更深的改造。数学思维虽然不是近现代西方法律形式合理性形成的唯一影响因素,但无疑是决定性的影响因素。     

The Concept of Appropriation and The Offence of Theft

The English law of theft is confusing and problematic in principle. Since the introduction of the Theft Act 1968 there has been inconsistency in the interpretation of appropriation as court and commentators have grappled with the intuition that appropriation must entail some subjective element and cannot be purely objective. Although subjectivity is traditionally associated with culpability rather than with conduct, it is argued that some acts can be subjective and yet factual and stand as causes to effects. Appropriation is such an act, its necessary and sufficient condition being a mindset, here termed proprietary subjectivity, on the part of the actor. It is argued that clarification of the concept of appropriation can help to resolve misperceived problems. Such clarification will also reveal other problems in the law of theft. Some tentative comments de lege ferenda are made suggesting how these problems can be addressed.     

Assessing Readiness to Change among Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Analysis of Two Self-report Measures

Recent interest in the construct of motivation to change among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has led to development of two self-report measures of this construct: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Domestic Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque et al. 2000) and the Safe at Home Inventory (SAH; Begun et al. 2003). We examined the internal structure of these instruments using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 199 male IPV perpetrators waiting to begin court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Results indicated that the scales had adequate internal consistency. However, using confirmatory factor analyses, the hypothesized structural models of each instrument fit the data poorly. Subsequent models suggested by a series of exploratory factor analyses failed to improve model fit substantially for both scales. For the URICA-DV, a 3-factor model including items from the Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Action subscales fit the data adequately. No acceptable model fit could be found for the SAH. Intercorrelations among similar subscales across the two inventories suggested only a modest degree of intercorrelation (r’s = 0.16–0.52), and a factor structure more dependent on scale of origin than item latent content, suggesting that the scales assess different facets of the readiness to change construct. These results suggest that before the stages of change construct can be fully applied to the IPV area, more research and evaluation are needed on how to accurately assess abuser readiness to change.     

Estimating the uncertainty associated with Widmark's equation as commonly applied in forensic toxicology

No computation is performed more frequently by forensic toxicologists than that involving Widmark's equation. The equation is employed to estimate either the number of drinks consumed or the corresponding blood or breath alcohol concentration. Despite the wide use of Widmark's equation, rarely is an uncertainty estimate also provided. Estimates from Widmark's equation involve at least seven uncertain random variables. Uncertainty estimates are presented that rely on methods of general error propagation compared to a method developed by Widmark. Assuming reasonable variable and uncertainty estimates, the error propagation method yielded for N=10.4 drinks, a combined uncertainty (standard deviation) of 1.3 drinks (CV=12.3%). Similarly, estimating the blood alcohol concentration yielded for 0.120 g/100 ml, an uncertainty of 0.0255 g/100 ml (CV=21.2%). Widmark's uncertainty method yielded 1.6 drinks (CV=15.4%). The derivation of Widmark's uncertainty estimate is also presented, showing that he considered only rho and beta to be uncertain. Widmark estimates for the number of drinks should include a 2CV estimate of approximately 25% while the blood alcohol concentration estimate should include a 2CV estimate of approximately 42%. Including valid estimates of uncertainty should enhance the legal admissibility and confidence for Widmark estimations.     

ON BEING A CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATOR: PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL CHALLENGES,RISKS, AND REWARDS

Conducting child custody evaluations is one of the most complex, challenging, and sometimes risky professional endeavors that a mental health professional can perform. This article examines the professional and personal challenges which may be encountered by the evaluator. In addition to discussing the role requirements and need to maintain awareness of bias and countertransference, challenges such as coping with state board or ethics complaints and possible risks to personal safety are also addressed. Suggestions for risk management and coping with the demands of these assessments are offered, as well as the benefits and rewards of engaging in this important work.