专利侵权技术抗辩——捐献规则

专利权人在专利说明书中记载而没有被权利要求覆盖的实施方案,视为捐献给社会,专利权保护范围以权利要求的内容为主,意味着只有纳入权利要求的技术方案才能受到专利权的保护。《最高人民法院关于审理侵犯专利权纠纷案件应用法律若干问题的解释》(法释[2009]21号)第5条,也以司法解释的形式将理论学说和司法实践中的捐献规则作了回应。     

程序转换与权利保障:刑事诉讼中精神病强制医疗程序的反思

精神病强制医疗存在行政程序与司法程序.尽管这两种程序适用的法域不同,却因行政法与刑事法在调整范围上的交叉与重叠,致使实践中的程序转换出现失控问题.《人民警察法》《精神卫生法》和《刑事诉讼法》规定的不同程序之间的衔接与转换应以精神病人的合法权益得到保障、“被精神病”得以避免以及程序保障社会秩序与安宁功能得到发挥作为选择程序的基本思路,借助于正当程序的规制功能消除法律之间的紧张性,从而维护程序转换的正当性以及保障权力运行的合法性.     

Chinese Organised Crime

Secret societies have always been endemic to Chinese overseas communities, surviving on fear and corruption and prospering through their involvement in a wide range of legal and illegal businesses. For many years, Hong Kong was seen as the 'capital' of this worldwide Chinese criminal fraternity and, in the 1980s, many outside observers and analysts thought the gangs that were based in the then British colony would leave once it reverted to Chinese rule in 1997. In the end, the reverse turned out to be the case. Not only did the Hong Kong Triads make arrangements with the territory's new overlords, but in Chinatowns all over the world, close links were also forged with mainland Chinese interests. In China itself, where cutthroat capitalism has replaced the old, austere socialist system, new secret societies, both Triad-linked criminal groups and various syncretic sects, are also expanding at a breathtaking pace. An entirely new breed of entrepreneurs is emerging on the fringes of China. The businesslike and well-connected, pinstriped suit-wearing managers of the Sun Yee On Triad have shown where the future lies, while gangsters are breaking new ground in such new frontiers as the Russian Far East, which could have far-reaching consequences for the stability of the entire region.     

香港警队枪械训练对内地警察武器使用训练的启示

依法使用武器是法律赋予警察的权力，是维护社会治安、惩治违法犯罪、保护人民群众和警察生命安全的有力武器。而警察武器使用的训练是一个技能与法律法规密切结合的实战训练，也是一个不断发现问题和解决问题，熟能生巧的、有制度的、严格规范的、长期的、永恒的训练过程。香港警队的警务实战训练代表了世界最先进、最科学、最实用的训练水平，他们的枪械训练为内地警察武器使用的训练提供了很好的训练思路和训练方向。在目前形势下，我们应借鉴香港警队先进的训练理念和训练模式，开拓我们的思路，促使我们的警察武器使用训练发生质的变化，走上一个崭新的台阶，使训练与实际执法真正的结合起来。     

论干部教育培训中的项目管理

干部教育培训中的项目管理，就是对培训中连续性的工作、大量的细节问题进行系统管理，以实现干部教育培训全过程的动态管理、综合协调和全面优化。通过项目管理建立健全相关程序和标准，加强培训工作环境变化预测，充分整合运用各种资源，增强培训工作的针对性和实效性。     

论基层法官的法律续造

基层法院司法环境相较于城市环境更为特殊，基层法官凭以涵摄个案的规范部分并非法定规则本身，而是由基层法官依据法定规则，考量个案的情况而形成的规范。基层法官必须接受法律所确定的目的、法律所包含的评价、法律的体系及其思考模式的拘束，逾越抑或扩张法律规定条款概念的界限、范围，应明示准备应用超越法律的，寻求个案规范的方法，并标示具体个案价值判断的心证进路。通常情况下，法律续造在法律前见积累、法律条款识别、法益预拟衡量、裁判续造规则过程中实现。     

行政法视域下的正当程序原则探析

行政法中的正当程序原则是指行政权力的运行应当符合最低限度程序公正的标准。它起源于英国自然正义原则,在美国宪法中得以发扬光大,现已成为世界许多国家行政程序的基本原则。程序正当性的评判不应只具有单一价值标准,正当程序既具有工具价值又具有独立价值;正当程序原则的内容包括行政公开、主持者中立、行政参与、说明理由、案卷排他。这项原则在我国行政法治中已得到快速发展,但作为一项基本的法律原则有待于在未来的行政程序法中得以确立。     

关于我市实施职工素质建设创新发展工程的调研报告

目前本市职工素质建设工作,呈现出抓住重点盘活全局、抓住先进带动整体、抓好结合力求实效、创新形式寓教于乐的特点。但也存在对提高职工素质内涵理解和把握出现偏差、缺乏思路与招数等问题。今后应着重在将提高思想道德素质放在首位、指导各级工会制定或完善好各自的长期规划和中短期计划、分清层次重点实施等方面,做些调整与改善。     

Trust but verify? Voluntary regulation programs in the nonprofit sector

In this article we examine how information problems can cause agency slippages and lead to governance failures in nonprofit organizations. Drawing on the principal–agent literature, we provide a theoretical account of an institutional mechanism, namely, voluntary regulation programs, to mitigate such slippages. These programs seek to impose obligations on their participants regarding internal governance and use of resources. By joining these programs, nonprofit organizations seek to differentiate themselves from nonparticipants and signal to their principals that they are deploying resources as per the organizational mandate. If principals are assured that agency slippages are lower in program participants, they might be more likely to provide the participants with resources to deliver goods and services to their target populations. However, regulatory programs for nonprofit organizations are of variable quality and, in some cases, could be designed to obscure rather than reveal information. We outline an analytical framework to differentiate the credible clubs from the “charity washes.” A focus on the institutional architecture of these programs can help to predict their efficacy in reducing agency problems.     

“海河儿女欢庆香港回归大联欢”活动回顾

1997年由天津市总工会承办的＂海河儿女欢庆香港回归大联欢＂活动,场面盛大而热烈,广大基层单位与群众积极参与,组织者作了精心策划。其成功,取决于这样三点重要因素：领导重视、组织严密和通力协作。