外交哲学的四个基本变量及实证分析

外交哲学的四个基本变量是实力、利益、观念与行为,其中实力、利益与现念都是自变量,行为是因变量。自变量决定因变量,实力、利益与观念分别作用并共同决定行为。同时,三个自变量之间还存在着相互作用的互动关系。     

Clinically Significant Trauma Symptoms and Behavioral Problems in a Community-based Sample of Children Exposed to Domestic Violence

This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics, type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat) after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized. Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed.     

吸毒成瘾认定标准的基本架构——兼评《吸毒成瘾认定办法》

吸毒成瘾的标准,国际医学界持"病态说"的观点,但在中国适用的标准有着不凡的历程。公复[1998]3号文对吸毒成瘾采用"行为说"标准,规定只要有证据证明有吸毒行为就可认定为吸毒成瘾。随着"采取各种措施帮助吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,教育和挽救吸毒人员"的戒毒方针在《禁毒法》中的确立,《吸毒成瘾认定办法》也从医学角度对吸毒成瘾进行了重新审视,采纳了吸毒成瘾"病态说"的观点。     

Turning Liberal: Legislators’ Individual Preferences and the Regulation of Pre‐Implantation Genetic Diagnosis in Switzerland

Most policy‐making decisions taken in parliamentary democracies are essentially matters of party competition. Yet, in some policies, the linkage function of political parties is limited by purpose, which is frequently the case in free votes with a morality dimension. This has led to a debate in the literature on the determinants of Legislators’ preferences in free votes. The present research note adds to this debate by analyzing the parliamentary procedure to regulate pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD ) in Switzerland. By assessing whether and to what degree MP s based their decision on their personal characteristics and on the preferences of their constituents, the contribution shows that not only are MP s’ voting decisions determined by these individual level factors, but also that these factors have detectable effects on the legislative outcome.     

Co-Occurrence of Interparental Violence and Child Physical Abuse and It’s Effect on the Adolescents’ Behavior

This study analyzed the impact of the co-occurrence of parental and interparental violence on the behavior of adolescents. Results reveal that the co-occurrence of interparental violence and child physical abuse has a significantly greater negative impact on behavior than does exposure to interparental violence only. Moreover, participants, who are both abused and exposed to interparental violence, exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms falling within the clinical range more frequently. Exposure exclusively to interparental violence also has definite impact; for example, teens who are only exposed to interparental violence exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms more frequently than do those who have been neither subject to physical abuse from a parent nor exposed to interparental violence. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

犯罪的二次性违法理论再探究

在一定范围内，犯罪的二次性违法理论对于界定犯罪和解释相关刑事责任具有一定的存在价值，但其在概念解释方面不够严谨，而且在某些方面与我国的立法现状和司法实务相脱离，同时在思维模式方面也存在难以突破的障碍。因此，应以批判的眼光来看待这一理论，并在理论研究和司法实务中谨慎适用。     

独生子女恋爱观及其行为调查与分析

调查数据显示独生子女在适当恋爱年龄、适当结婚年龄等方面的认知观念上与非独生子女并无显著差异,但在恋爱行为上却比非独生子女更早进入恋爱,这既与独生子女群体报告的父母准许的恋爱年龄较晚相悖,更与独生子女群体自身判断的适当恋爱年龄相悖——提前了2-3年。本研究提出并运用"同辈亲密关系补偿理论"对这一悖论给予了相关解释,并分析了这种同辈亲密关系在量、质、功能上的特征,最后对如何预防独生子女青少年过早恋爱提出了若干意见。     

国有企业企业家失范行为矫正研究——政府主导下的制度变迁

四个典型的案例反映出在我国国有企业企业家群体中普遍存在着失范行为。惟有变迁国有企业企业家所处的制度环境,才能有效矫正他们的失范行为,而政府正是这场制度变迁的主导者。这不仅关系到能否实现国有及国有控股企业效益大幅度提高的目标,而且也决定着国有企业改革的命运。     

Behavior Research: Improving Social Services for Young People in the Community

This research is based on a social community centre for young people. Researchers have been working together with social workers in carrying out the practical research. Using a process of problem solving, making improvement plans, applying theories into practice, feedback evaluation, and seeking further questions, we are continuously working to improve the quality of social services for young people. We also hope to improve social work methods and the professionalism of social workers.     

“Knowledge” and “Faith”: Ecological Self in Flight Behavior

The contemporary American writer Barbara Kingsolver's latest novel Flight Behavior articulates personal account with the subject of climate change. In the process of helping save King Billies in southern Appalachia, USA, Dellarobia, the female protagonist, internalizes knowledge with faith and achieves a reconstruction of feminine subject from ego to ecological self. Moreover, the writing of scientific theme through fiction reveals an interdisciplinary perspective to approach the belief in feminine autonomy.