Make it "SNPPY" - Updates to SRM 2391d: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard

Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391d: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was released to the forensic community in 2019. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used as the primary method of certification, where certified values were assigned when a high coverage sequence string was available for a marker. Using NGS to assign values has allowed for additional marker sets beyond short tandem repeat (STR) loci, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) whole genome sequences, to be included in the Certificate of Analysis (COA). Since the 2019 release, several commercial NGS panels have become available including the Verogen ForenSeq mtDNA Control Region, mtDNA Whole Genome, MainstAY, and Kintelligence Kits. In addition, three community Ion AmpliSeq panels from Thermo Fisher (MH-74 Plex, VISAGE, and Y-SNP) are now available. While the mtDNA whole genome sequence for the components are already included and no new STR markers are introduced by MainstAY, the other recently released panels allow for the inclusion of > 11,000 additional SNPs (e.g., identity, ancestry, phenotype, kinship, and X- and Y-SNPs) and 74 microhaplotypes to the COA for SRM 2391d in an update completed by fall of 2022.     

社区应急能力建设的现状分析与路径选择——重庆市社区应急能力建设的调查与思考

社区是预防和应对突发事件的前沿阵地。加强社区应急能力建设,对于"平安重庆"建设、"和谐重庆"构建、确保重庆市经济社会又好又快发展、率先在西部全面实现小康具有重大意义。有必要对"紧急事件"、"危机"、"突发事件","危机管理"与"应急管理","应急管理能力"与"应急能力"概念进行辨析,界定"社区应急能力"概念的内涵,辨识社区应急能力构成要素,分析重庆市社区应急能力建设的现状和存在问题,并提出加强重庆市社区应急能力建设的现实路径。     

论单个应受行政处罚行为及其处罚规则

一事不再罚原则已经得到广泛认可,但实践中对于"一事"的界定以及处罚仍然十分混乱。"一事",也即单个应受行政处罚的行为,包括自然单个行为和法律上单个行为,而法律上单个行为的认定和处罚争议最大。借鉴刑法理论,可以将法律上单个行为分为牵连行为、连续行为和吸收行为,以确立不同的处罚规则。     

政府行政能力问题国内研究述评

处于激烈社会转型期的我国对各级政府行政能力提出了高标准的要求,同时也引起了学界对这一问题的关注。就该问题研究现状而言,我国政府行政能力研究取得了一定的成绩,但也存在一定问题。因此,对政府行政能力的研究现状进行梳理和总结,有利于推进政府行政能力研究向着更深层次发展。     

Correlation between Genetic Variants and Polymorphism of Caveolin and Sudden Unexplained DeathCSCD

Objective: To explore the genetic variation sites of caveolin (CAV) and their correlation with sudden unexplained death (SUD). Methods: The blood samples were collected from SUD group (71 cases), coronary artery disease (CAD) group (62 cases) and control group (60 cases), respectively. The genome DNA were extracted and sequencing was performed directly by amplifying gene coding region and exonintron splicing region of CAV1 and CAV3 using PCR. The type of heritable variation of CVA was confirmed and statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 4 variation sites that maybe significative were identified in SUD group, and two were newfound which were CAV1:c.45C>T (T15T) and G4V7:C.512G>A (R171H), and two were SNP loci which were CAVl:c.246C>T (rs35242077) and CAV3:C.990T (rsl008642) and had significant difference (P<0.05) in allele and genotype frequencies between SUD and control groups. Forementioned variation sites were not found in CAD group. Conclusion: The variants of CAV1 and CAV3 may be correlated with a part of SUD group. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

The Views of Psychologists,Lawyers, and Judges on Key Components and the Quality of Child Custody Evaluations in Australia

This study aimed to understand the expectations of and the agreement between professional groups regarding the quality of single‐expert reports written by psychologists (known as child custody evaluations in the United States). 13 psychologists, 18 family lawyers, 26 children's lawyers, and 8 judges (N = 65) in New South Wales, Australia, rated the overall quality of reports and the quality of various components of them. Interprofessional congruence on importance ratings allowed key components to be derived. The results revealed that the overall quality of reports was rated positively, however, significant discrepancies were found between importance and quality ratings on the various components, indicating that reports fall short of expectations in many areas.     

执政能力结构解析

执政能力是中国共产党的建设理论中一个处于核心地位的概念。从承载主体、芰撑主体和构建主体角度讨论党及其领导的团体、公权模式以及党员个体素质模式在执政能力这一概念中的地位和意义,从一个新的视角反映并解析了执政能力概念的深刻内涵。     

论模拟现场勘查实践性教学的组织与实施

侦查专业实践性教学活动应当以培养学生的实践能力和综合素质为宗旨。模拟现场勘查作为侦查专业实践性教学活动的重要一环,在组织实施时应当注意：1.以真实的案件为原型来设计现场,以利于做到案情的逼真、环境的逼真、涉案人员的逼真；2.教师应当临场予以指导；3.注重讲评以使学生获取学习反馈信息；4.动态评价结果,即注重勘查过程的形成性评价。     

推行目标成本管理,提升烟草企业品牌竞争力

对在复杂多变的市场环境条件下,提升品牌竞争力对企业特别是烟草企业发展的重要性进行分析和研究,提出推行目标成本管理是形成烟草企业品牌竞争力的重要途径,并深入探讨了烟草企业推行目标成本管理的面临的问题、步骤以及应采取的策略。推行目标成本管理,使企业成本控制能力达到领先水平,确立品牌成本优势,从而提升烟草企业品牌竞争力。     

Recovery of single source DNA profiles from mixtures by direct single cell subsampling and simplified micromanipulation

Deconvolution of forensic DNA mixtures into their individual component DNA (geno)types is of great investigative value, though often complex and difficult. Two-person mixtures comprising a major and minor contributor are often easily interpreted although, when the DNA ratio of the two individuals is approximately equal (~1:1), deconvolution and interpretation becomes much more difficult. To address this issue, a physical separation of individual-, two- or three- cell subsamples prior to autosomal STR analysis was performed using a simplified micromanipulation technique paired with a decreased reaction volume and increased cycle number PCR. Using this method, single and multiple buccal epithelial cells were collected from a 1:1 two-person mixture (i.e. from individual 'A' and 'B') and directly amplified, omitting standard DNA extraction and purification steps. Single cell subsamples resulted in partial single-source profiles for both contributors while, in accordance with expectations of a quasi-binomial sampling schema, two- and three-cell subsamples resulted in single source informative partial profiles of individual A and individual B as well as complete consensus profiles, and equally mixed 1:1 (2-cell subsamples) and 2:1 (3-cell subsamples) admixed profiles of individual A and B. This proof-of-concept approach shows promise in permitting the DNA deconvolution of mixed samples where the individual contributors are present in similar amounts that would otherwise be difficult to interpret, resulting in an increase in evidentiary value. The subsampling approach can be readily investigated for DNA casework applications without additional investment in costly, new equipment, requiring only a stereo microscope and a tungsten needle.