论不完全合同视角下的公司融资

以公司融资的不完全合同属性为分析框架,通过对公司融资活动诸要素的考察,以及对融资交易类型与合同条款的梳理,用以厘清融资中所存在的交易不确定性、资产专用性、信息不对称、投机主义等因素,以及与融资协议中常见的条件条款、声明与担保条款、互锁等条款之间形成的匹配性关系。同时,以此为分析范式,探求该匹配性关系中蕴含的“无形法律的秩序”,即商业理性,并明确裁判者应尊重市场主体对特定事项的商事安排。尤其在司法处理争议的具体法律适用之前,应强调经济逻辑在融资合同解释中的运用来探求真意。审判实践要从“融资不完全要素—治理对策—具体条款”的分析路径,拼接出商业安排的对策全景,以遵循融资安排之真意。以公司融资协议的性质归属、名股实债两个实务问题为例,重点从商业理性与合同解释衔接的视角进行研判。     

Peacekeeping from Oceania: Perspectives from Australia,New Zealand and Fiji

Abstract

This article gives an overview of the involvement of Australia, New Zealand and Fiji in peacekeeping operations with attention to motives, experience and ‘lessons learnt’. Australia and New Zealand have been strongly influenced by regional considerations and an understanding of good international citizenship. Fiji’s contribution has been determined less by regional considerations and more by its position as a small developing country whose peacekeeping activities bring economic benefits, although it could be argued that by providing a basis for extending military forces they have contributed indirectly to political instability. Police contributions have been increasingly important to Australia and New Zealand and they have advocated a stronger role for police in other situations around the world.     

略论公司社会责任的刑事立法完善——以现行刑法罚金刑适用为视角

刑事法律是保证公司社会责任的最后配置,同行政责任、民事责任一道形成对抗公司违法乃至犯罪的天网。公司社会责任,在一定意义上需要通过公司刑事责任得以最终实现。因此,公司社会责任的强化意味着公司犯罪刑罚的加重。完善我国公司刑事立法的建议是：以责任一体化为目标,使公司刑事责任等同于自然人刑事责任;加重刑法对公司犯罪的刑罚;加重责任人员刑罚,加大罚金刑和自由刑并用。     

Prisoners,Prisons and Punishment in Small Societies

This paper aims to analyse the subject of prisoners, prisons and punishment in small societies. An attempt is made to compare the prison system in a small society (Iceland) with those of other larger societies, in particular those of other Nordic countries. Small institutions function better in many respects than larger ones. The problems that emerge, and there are problems in all prisons, are more visible and can therefore more easily be discussed and solved.     

Are higher-magnitude electoral districts always better for small parties?

High-magnitude electoral districts are widely believed to lead to greater representation for smaller parties. This article refines the conventional wisdom by taking electoral geography into account. When small political parties have geographically concentrated support bases, then no systematic relationship exists between district magnitude and legislative representation. High-magnitude districts do not advantage small parties whose supporters are geographically concentrated. Evidence in support of this claim comes from India and Israel. The article shows what counterfactual Indian and Israeli legislatures would look like if seats were allocated using electoral districts of varying magnitudes and highlights how parties with geographically concentrated support bases win similar seat totals, irrespective of district magnitude.     

Ascertaining The Corporate Objective: An Entity Maximisation and Sustainability Model

Public companies play crucial roles in today's world, and it has been acknowledged that ascertaining the objective of such companies is a critical issue. However, there remains great uncertainty as to what that objective should be. This article examines the two predominant theories of the corporate objective, namely the shareholder primacy and stakeholder theories. This is followed by an explanation of and the case for a new model, the entity maximisation and sustainability model. This model focuses on the company as a separate legal entity and maintains that the objective of the company is to maximise the wealth of the entity as an entity and, at the same time, to ensure that the company is sustained financially.     

论有限责任公司股权转让中的善意取得

《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国公司法若干问题的规定(三)》第27条引入了物权法中的善意取得原则,确立了有限责任公司股权转让的善意取得原则。学界对该条的适用争议较大,但该原则的确立有其合理性,适用中存在的公司反悔权问题可通过引入善意取得的阻却事由加以解决。     

试论公司社会责任与职工利益的关系

公司制度是一把“双刃剑”,在为社会创造财富的同时,也带来了一系列社会问题。公司要承担社会责任,这是经济发展的必然要求,应当最大限度地增进股东利益之外的其他所有的社会利益。公司对其职工利益所负的社会责任是当代经济民主的一个重要内容。     

开辟中小企业融资新通道

中小企业吸纳就业人员多,是我国社会经济发展不可缺少的组成部分,在国民经济中具有大企业无法替代的作用,然而长期以来,中小企业的融资问题一直是困扰中小企业发展的重要制约因素。其原因众多,必须从发展地方性中小金融机构,完善相关法律和担保制度,规范民间融资活动,创新中小企业集群融资模式,充分发挥融资租赁和资本市场的作用,借鉴国外支持中小企业发展的一些做法等方面加以解决。