A Big Prince in a Tiny Realm: Smallness,Monarchy, and Political Legitimacy in the Principality of Liechtenstein

The Principality of Liechtenstein challenges the prevailing view in political science that ‘small is democratic.’ Located in the heart of Western Europe, the Principality is ruled by a monarch with extensive political powers. The present article examines how the smallness of the Principality contributes to the maintenance of powerful traditional leadership, and which strategies are used to legitimize the Liechtensteiner system vis‐à‐vis its population. On the basis of interviews with Liechtensteiner respondents, it is found that the smallness of Liechtenstein contributes to the position of the monarchy due to (1) the lack of alternative sources of identification, (2) the perception of the Prince as a neutral arbiter standing above the quarreling political factions, and (3) the dominant cultural code that limits citizens' opportunities to criticize the monarchy. The article highlights several ways in which the Prince has sought to legitimize his own position, and to undercut the criticism against him.     

The Entropy of Built Things: Postapartheid Anxiety and the Production of Space in Henrietta Rose-Innes’ Nineveh and Lauren Beukes’ Zoo City

Two recent novels reveal two interrelated clusters of postapartheid anxiety in twenty-first-century South Africa: one type is a dread of invasion, contamination, infestation, and other encroachments of the new, alien, and other. A second set of preoccupations involves subterranean spaces—basements, mines, tunnels—and a distrust of the solidity of built environments. Both Nineveh and Zoo City strip away the surface layers of Cape Town and Johannesburg and show us the layers of infrastructure, mechanization, and human labor that constitute or produce the city itself. But the two novels show us different understandings of the urban “underneath”: Beukes’ imagined Johannesburg is one in which spatial inequalities that seem chaotic, in fact structure the city and allow for social regimentation, while Rose-Innes shows us a Cape Town where spatial structures and entrenched inequality appear to be designed to ward off the intrinsic “entropy of built things.”     

加快海峡西岸经济区小城镇建设的投融资体制改革研究--以福建省莆田市为例

近年来,小城镇建设进入一个新的发展阶段,而目前制约小城镇发展的一个最大的因素就是小城镇建设的资金问题。如何筹集到小城镇建设的充足资金是促进小城镇建设健康快速发展的一个前提条件,这就需要进行小城镇投融资体制的改革。因此,在促进海峡西岸经济区建设的大时代背景之下,本文对莆田市小城镇建设的投融资体制改革问题进行分析,在此基础上总结经验教训,并提出相应对策,从而希望能为海峡西岸经济区小城镇今后的发展提供经验。     

论乡村旅游发展优劣势与出路——以玉屏侗族自治县为例

乡村旅游在县域经济产业体系中占有很重要的位置。通过对玉屏侗族自治县乡村旅游优劣势的分析,寻找乡村旅游资源开发中的问题及困难,并探讨促进乡村旅游健康发展的有效途径。     

加快城镇建设的理性思考——以印江自治县为例

加快城镇经济发展,不仅是经济结构战略性调整的重要任务,也是优化城乡经济结构,实现全面协调可持续发展的重大举措。     

论中国政策执行模式的特征——以“十一五”期间成功关停小火电为例

如何认识和评价中国政策执行模式是当前中国政府和政策研究中的重要问题。在这一问题上,既有的研究提出了若干有代表性的观点,这些观点之间存在着"集中式的政策执行模式"和"分散式的政策执行模式"的分歧。本文通过对"十一五"期间成功关停小火电政策执行过程的考察,揭示了中国政策执行模式的三个典型特征:"层级加压+重点主抓型"体制架构;自上而下的政策执行过程;"恰当的政策+高层的决心"构成政策执行到底的充分条件。在此基础上,本文对既有的中国政策执行模式理论提出了修正:如果能够制定出恰当的政策,中国也可以是"诱导型体制";从执行方面看,中国兼有"职责同构"和"职责异构"因素;中国的政策执行模式兼具集中性和分散性,关键是构建政策制定参与机制和政策执行沟通协调机制,以发挥既有模式的优势并有效克服其不足。     

手法复位小夹板固定配合接骨续筋汤治疗老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折临床观察

目的 观察手法复位小夹板固定配合接骨续筋汤治疗老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折的临床疗效。方法 将68例老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组34例。两组患者均接受手法复位小夹板固定治疗,并给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上内服接骨续筋汤治疗。观察并记录两组患者治疗前,治疗1、2周后视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,患侧肿胀情况,治疗4、8周后骨折愈合X线评分,并记录骨折愈合时间;骨折愈合后采用Garland-Werley评分对腕关节的活动功能进行评价;治疗90 d后,对两组患者的临床疗效进行评价。结果 治疗1、2周后,两组VAS评分及患侧肿胀度均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组VAS评分和患侧肿胀度均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗8周后,两组骨折愈合X线评分均较治疗4周后显著上升（P＜0.05）,且治疗组骨折愈合X线评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,治疗组骨折愈合时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）,Garland-Werley评分显著降低（P＜0.05）。治疗90 d后,两组临床疗效的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组。结论 在手法复位小夹板固定基础上服用接骨续筋汤可提高老年骨质疏松性Colles骨折的疗效,能有效缓解患者骨折后疼痛、肿胀程度,缩短骨折愈合时间,改善腕关节活动功能。     

Informing regional taphonomy research using retrospective forensic anthropology cases in the Western Cape,South Africa

The post-mortem interval (PMI) is important in death investigations as it can assist in reconstructing the context of the case and the identification of the unknown individual. However, in some instances the PMI is challenging to estimate due to the absence of regional taphonomy standards. To conduct accurate and locally relevant forensic taphonomy research, investigators require insight into the regional hotspot recovery areas. Thus, forensic cases examined by the Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) in the Western Cape (WC) province of South Africa between 2006 and 2018 (n = 172 cases; n = 174 individuals) were retrospectively reviewed. In our study, a considerable number of individuals did not have the PMI estimations (31 %; 54/174) and the ability to estimate a PMI was significantly associated with skeletal completeness, unburnt remains, absence of clothing and the absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Significantly fewer cases had the PMI estimated after FACT was formalised in 2014 (p < 0.0001). One third of cases with PMI estimations were made with large open-ended ranges, making them less informative. Factors significantly associated with these broad PMI ranges were fragmented remains, absence of clothing and absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Most decedents (51 %; 87/174) were discovered in police precincts from high crime areas, yet a considerable number (47 %; 81/174) were also found in low crime and sparsely populated areas regularly used for recreational activities. Common sites of body discovery were vegetated areas (23 %; 40/174), followed by the roadside (15 %; 29/174), aquatic environments (11 %; 20/174) and farms (11 %; 19/174). Decedents were discovered exposed (35 %; 62/174), covered with items such as bedding or shrubs (14 %; 25/174) or buried (10 %; 17/174). Our data highlight gaps in forensic taphonomy studies and clearly informs what regional research is needed. Overall, our study demonstrates how forensic case information can inform regional forensic taphonomy studies to locate common areas and contexts for the discovery of decomposed bodies and encourages similar studies in other areas of the world.