维稳压力对基层法院组织形态的形塑

维稳压力是形塑中国法院组织形态的重要因素。在维稳工作中,基层法院与地方党政系统形成紧密的互需关系。一方面,基层法院通过行使审判职能和延伸审判职能的方式参与地方维稳工作;另一方面,在案件审理执行以及涉诉信访工作中,基层法院也需要地方党政系统的支持。在维稳压力的影响下,基层法院的组织形态进行了调适,形成以案件属性转化、责任体系再造、组织运行重构为主要内容的运作机制。经过调适的组织形态在很大程度上提升了基层法院应对维稳问题的能力,不过法官独立行权空间受到一定程度的限缩。在基础性社会矛盾突出的转型期,基层法院组织形态的建构与运行依然会建立在对维稳压力审慎考量的基础之上。     

夫妻共同债务规则的法理逻辑

《民法典》夫妻共同债务规则的债务范围标准可以体现法律行为理论的核心与逻辑,充分尊重当事人的意思表示,期望避免“被负债”现象。《民法典》将原夫妻共同债务规则的法理逻辑由物权中共有改为法律行为理论,这是夫妻共同债务在法理逻辑上的理性回归,规避了共有逻辑下出现的随意借贷、“被负债”、危害婚姻家庭稳定等现象;法律行为理论高度重视当事人的意思表示,充分保护当事人合法权益,能以一以贯之的逻辑解释夫妻共同债务规则,并与其他相关制度衔接。但是夫妻共同债务规则目前也并非完美无缺,在清偿规则、日常家事代理权等方面仍需完善。     

Where there's no green man: child road-safety education in Ethiopia

Traffic crashes kill 1.2 million people annually, and the number is growing fast, particularly in developing countries. Although child road-safety education is widely considered important, few programmes have resulted in demonstrated improvements in safety. We review road-safety education in Ethiopia and conclude that it is often locally inappropriate and impractical. Such programmes are frequently based on dominant but ineffective educational models imported from other contexts. Drawing on our experience of establishing a community-managed child road-safety education programme in Ethiopia, we suggest how road-safety education in developing countries might become more effective.     

So Close But So Far: Voting Propensity and Party Choice for Left‐Wing Parties

While the bulk of the literature focuses on the vote for parties from different blocs, the purpose of our article is to study the vote for two parties that are ideologically very close to each other: The Social Democrats and the Greens in Switzerland. To that end, we develop a two‐step model, where voters first make a selection of parties that are acceptable to them and then make their electoral choice out of this set of acceptable alternatives. We use voting propensities as a measure of the first, consideration step and we show that they strongly depend on the distance between voters and parties on the Left–Right scale. With regard to the second, choice stage of the electoral process we hypothesize about the factors that may account for the varying ability of the two parties to convert potential voters into real voters. Our empirical tests provide encouraging support for our hypotheses regarding the impact of socio‐demographic variables and issue voting. Strategic considerations, by contrast, do not seem to matter.     

俄罗斯社会转型中市民社会发展的困境

进入21世纪以来,俄罗斯的经济持续高速增长,新一轮的政治转型和社会转型随着俄罗斯的经济崛起而开展起来.在俄罗斯国内初步发展起来的市民社会,正是俄罗斯市场经济发展的印证.因此,研究俄罗斯市民社会的发展和未来,分析制约俄罗斯市民社会发展的各种历史和现实因素,对于理顺俄罗斯社会转型中影响其现代化的各种因素,预测俄罗斯未来的发展走向有着重要的意义.     

Diary of a participatory advocacy film project: transforming communication initiatives into living campaigns

In August 2007, the government of Tanzania made a commitment to doubling the number of training places for skilled midwives, following a five-year campaign by the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood in Tanzania (WRATZ), which culminated in the first television screening of a participatory film, ‘Play Your Part’. With contributions from a range of health professionals, communities, a pop singer, and the Minister of Health, the message was that everyone at every level has a part to play in saving mothers' lives. WRATZ was successful because it was able to promote its message in a way that provides a model for advocacy, combining the reactive creativity of journalism and the methodological rigour of participatory video to bring about a tangible impact.     

Privatisation of urban water and sewerage services in Turkey: some trends

This article describes the experience of privatised urban water-supply and sewerage services in Turkey, focusing on the cases of three cities that have opted for such privatisation. The article opens with an examination of the management of urban water and sewerage services in Turkey and explores the development of water services and water policies in local government institutions. The second section introduces case studies of cities that have transferred the management, operation, and maintenance of urban water services to private operators.     

Health and hygiene behaviour change: bottom–up meets top–down in Tibet

The Tibet Poverty Alleviation Fund (TPAF) has been working in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China since 1998 to increase the income and assets of rural Tibetans. From the beginning, TPAF recognised that high morbidity and mortality were a constraint on efforts of rural Tibetans to improve livelihoods. Early interventions to train township doctors and midwives were not sustainable. In 2005, in partnership with local health authorities, TPAF launched a Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) strategy to build villagers' capacity to improve health and hygiene practices and to make informed choices about using government-run primary and preventive health services. Results from counties and townships in three Prefectures are preliminary, but they show significant changes in health knowledge and practice, and growing links between village needs and government services. Next steps include strengthening implementation and institutionalising government support to extend and support the approach.     

对司法实务中适用公序良俗原则的探讨

公序良俗原则是现代民法的一项基本原则。确立适用公序良俗原则的衡量基准、充分考虑公序良俗原则的社会属性、建立程序化的办案模式,对于充分发挥这一原则在司法实务中的功效起着重要作用。     

农村治安管理工作中存在的问题及对策

在建设社会主义新农村过程中,公安机关应当深入分析当前存在的影响农村社会治安的突出问题及其产生原因,有针对性地制定工作策略,大力加强农村治安管理工作,切实服务于社会主义新农村建设。