中国、美国与正在演变中的亚洲秩序

中国崛起是一个复合概念,既包括经济、军事等硬实力方面,也包括国际规范、高等教育等软实力方面。这对亚洲地区的国际秩序来说无疑是一个新的变量,但不能就此认为亚洲地区已形成了中国主导的国际秩序。实际上,正在演变中的亚洲秩序是一个包含有轮毂模式、有限共治模式、规范共同体模式和复合相互依赖模式四种秩序特征的复合体。同时,中国崛起对中美关系来说无疑也注入了新的元素,但并非就如现实主义者所预测的那么悲观,中美之间的合作远大于分歧,我们尤其应该注意在中美之间还存在许多不确定因素。     

社会心理学与精神分析学及其后现代转向

社会心理学的孕育、产生和发展过程,得益于许多学科或知识领域的推动。尤其值得注意的是,它首先与现代精神分析学及作为其重要知识来源之一的精神病学之间存在着深刻的不解之缘。精神分析学在自身发展过程中的每一次重大进展都会对社会心理学的理论和方法产生不同的影响。精神分析学在20世纪下半叶发生的后现代转向,也或早或晚地涉入到社会心理学有关领域的发展中。其中一个重要结果就是后现代社会心理学的出现。后现代精神分析学既从心理学理论层面又从哲学认识论和方法论层面提供了孕育后现代社会心理学的动因。     

市场秩序的产权制度基础

市场竞争并不必然导致市场秩序的紊乱。市场竞争中出现损人利己后果的重要原因是在不完善的市场条件下,市场主体实施机会主义行为的收益大于成本,从而出现市场秩序的紊乱。完善市场秩序要通过深化改革完善市场经济,其核心就是产权制度改革。产权制度的主要功能就是通过权利的界定来明确当事人从事某项交易活动的预期收益,从而规范市场交易行为。计划经济向市场经济转变的核心就是资源配置的等级规则向产权规则的演变。因此,产权关系明晰化就成为形成公平竞争市场秩序的基本制度条件。     

Elite and Everyday Social Contracts in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Pathways to Forging a National Social Contract?

ABSTRACT

The Dayton Peace Agreement ended the violence in Bosnia–Herzegovina, however, it also solidified antagonistic political identities leading to the creation of two social contracts: an ‘elite social contract’ involving primarily political elites of the main ethnic groups and an ‘everyday social contract’ involving ordinary citizens trying to manage a complex social and economic environment. The first social contract is hegemonic, however, alternative, non-nationalist views are slowly emerging. Grassroots groups, the surviving remnants of inter-ethnic coexistence, the integrating pull of market forces and the presence of a large diaspora all constitute resources for the creation of a resilient national social contract.     

B. F. Skinner's utopian vision: behind and beyond walden two

This paper addresses B. F. Skinner's utopian vision for enhancing social justice and human well‐being as it was introduced in his 1948 novel, Walden Two. In the first part, we address the historical, intellectual, and social context that situates the book in the utopian genre, the critiques of its premises and practices, and the fate of intentional communities patterned on the book. In the second part, we review practices in Skinner's book that advance social justice and human well‐being under the themes of health, wealth, and wisdom, and then focus on contemporary practices that are the legacy of his vision. His vision was neither the a priori truth of a particular premise about human behavior or a necessary practice (blueprint) for an intentional community but rather the use of empirical methods to discover premises and practices that work to advance the health, wealth, and wisdom of individuals and survival of the culture.     

日本社会教育的概念研究

明治维新后，伴随着近代学校教育制度的诞生，日本的社会教育也应运而生。本研究不仅考证了社会教育在日本的由来，确认了社会教育乃日本明治以后出现的特有的教育形态；并从教化型、民主型、终身型等三方面厘清了日本不同历史时期学者对社会教育的多元界定；而且对日本的社会教育和社会事业、社会政策、国家教育、国民教育、家庭教育、学校教育、终身教育、终身学习、成人教育、社区教育等相关概念的区别与联系进行了辨析。在此基础上，归纳了日本社会教育概念的五个特征，即丰富多样性、暧昧模糊性、服务主体性、法律健全性、实践追求性等。     

社会管理模式检讨与“适切”原则——基于当代中国社会结构的亚稳态现状

三十多年的改革开放和社会发展使中国社会结构、社会特征发生了深刻变化,社会基本态势已从稳定态向亚稳定态转变.传统社会管理模式的粗放、被动、无序、低效、线性、一维等方法已经远不能适应社会结构的变化.基于“适切”原则的社会管理模式应在社会信仰、协商机制、基层建设、问责制度和网络舆情等方面进行全面转型和创新.     

朝贡体系下古代东亚秩序形成与维系的内在逻辑——批判地借鉴英国学派的分析方法

古代东亚秩序的形成与维系，同历史悠久的朝贡体系有着直接的关系。因此，要有效揭示古代东亚秩序的内在逻辑，应当批判地借鉴以历史主义见长的英国学派的分析方法，探讨朝贡体系的运行机制和内在本质。在古代，中国与朝鲜长时段的朝贡体系实质上是一种由中国主导并以其特有文化为基础、周边诸政权普遍认可和积极参与的特殊国际制度。就中国而言，完全独立的政治体制、自给自足的经济结构、等级制的世界观，使其对外部的需求仅限于其他政权对其至高无上地位的承认及其对相关制度安排的服从。而对周边诸政权来说，只有与实力超强的中国建立朝贡关系，它们才能获得合法性和安全保障，并取得与中国贸易的机会，从而实现生存与发展两大目标。由此可以得出如下结论：在缺乏文化共识的前提下，由地区强国主导，可以促成某种功能性的国际制度，使地区秩序得以维护，并在交往过程中反向促成文化认同。这一结论修正了英国学派关于共有文化与国际制度的关系的观点。     

Changing classes,changing preferences: how social class mobility affects economic preferences

Abstract

While many studies have identified an association between social class and economic preferences, we know little about the implications of changes in class location for these preferences. This article assesses how social class and intra-generational class mobility affect economic preferences drawing on longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey. In doing so, the article adopts a post-industrial perspective that considers horizontal and vertical class divisions. Even when time-invariant characteristics of individuals are kept constant (through fixed-effects estimation), it is found that both vertical and horizontal class location explain economic preferences. Thus, these estimations suggest that social class moulds preferences, even when accounting for factors that can lead to selection into classes. Moreover, people who change classes hold different economic preferences than their peers in the class of origin, but do not completely assimilate into their class of destination. This implies that growing intra-generational class mobility could undermine the class basis of political conflict.     

The role of electoral geography in the territorialization of party systems

When does a country's social structure foster the development of territorialized party systems? This article argues that electoral geography – defined as the interaction between the geography of social diversity and electoral rules– is key to answering this question. I make two claims: first, the impact of geographically concentrated diversity on party system territorialization depends on the proportionality of electoral rules. Second, the types of geographic cleavages (ethnic versus economic) and whether they are overlapping or cross-cutting also affects the likelihood of party system territorialization (conditional on the electoral system). I test these claims with an original dataset measuring party system territorialization in 382 elections across 60 countries that also includes comparable cross-national measures of different types of geographically concentrated diversity (language, race, religion and income). The main conclusion is that proportional electoral systems and cross-cutting cleavages can act as a powerful constraint on the translation of territorial ethnic cleavages into territorialized party systems.