论城乡社会保障体制的对立与融合

农村与城镇社会保障的并存反映了二元经济结构城乡对立关系,其对立性集中地表现在农业劳动力的转移上。这种对立性造成了农村劳动力转移的制度障碍。随着城乡二元结构的消失,城乡社会保障最终要走向一体化。在这个发展过程中,城镇社会保障与农村社会保障同其他二元结构一样,双方应当存在必要的变换,交换的基础上,逐步走向一体化的融合发展道路。     

论我国公共秩序保留制度的完善

我国公共秩序保留制度相当完善,但仍存在一些疑难问题不能根本解决。一个根本的原因,就是没有很好的把握国际私法基本精神的走向。文章将从国际私法基本精神从“主权优位”到“平位协调”的转换方面,对我国公共秩序保留制度的发展方向加以定位,从而提出了对我国公共秩序保留制度的适用,在立法实践中加以限制和改善的建议。     

政府行为规制的制度经济学分析

政府行为存在任意性、机会主义、知识不足和信息不足等问题 ,运用制度经济学的理论分析 ,政府行为必须进行规制。经济法与行政法作为外在制度的表现形式应成为规制政府行为的法律。     

构建和谐社会与抽象行政行为的司法审查

依法行政与构建和谐社会是同一主题的不同层面。依法行政能否以公平正义为价值尺度,调整社会关系,平衡社会利益,整合社会资源,维护社会秩序,直接关系到构建和谐社会的成败[1]。抽象行政行为作为政府进行行政管理的一项最重要手段,是依法行政的起点和基础,但在依法行政实践中,抽象行政行为与宪法和法律相抵触,规章之间、规范性文件之间相互矛盾,政出多门,各自为政,甚至出现了超越自己立法权限进行立法的现象。抽象行政行为的不规范及监督机制的不完善是直接影响社会和谐的体制性因素之一。本文在分析我国抽象行政行为现有监督机制局限性的基础上,论述了将其纳入司法审查的必要性和可行性,以保障抽象行政行为的合法与规范,为依法行政奠定良好的法律基础,为构建和谐社会创造良好的行政法制环境。     

The persisting challenge of age-for-grade non-compliance in post-free primary education in Kenya

This article examines the prevalence of non-compliance on the age-for-grade policy in the post-free primary education system in Kenya. We utilised data from the 2009 cohort of enrolled primary schoolchildren. The analysis revealed non-compliance to be a persisting concern in the school system, characterised by both under-age and over-age enrolment at the age-for-grade level of analysis in spite of the introduction of free primary education in 2003. Irrespective of the nature of non-compliance, overcrowding in the lower grades is more prevalent, with potential for adverse compromises in quality of learning and the attendant added dimension of the mismatched grade-for-age curricula.     

Strengthening public health supply chains in Ethiopia: PEPFAR-supported expansion of access and availability

When the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported Supply Chain Management System (SCMS) programme began working in Ethiopia in 2006, the estimated population of people living with HIV exceeded one million, while only 24,000 were on treatment and only 50 treatment sites were in operation. SCMS and other key partners entered into this context to support the Ethiopian government in significantly strengthening the public health supply chain system, with the aim of increasing the availability and accessibility of pharmaceutical products. The country now has 1,047 treatment sites and is nearing complete treatment coverage. This article discusses how priorities were set among many competing challenges from 2006 until 2014, and how the four-step strategy of build, operate, transfer, and optimise has resulted in a successful partnership.     

Learning from a leprosy project in Indonesia: making mindsets explicit for stigma reduction

International attention for disability recognises that it plays an important role in persistent poverty. Leprosy can cause preventable disability. Stigma associated with leprosy often has greater implications for people affected than physical impairments. The Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project in Indonesia employs an action research methodology to develop stigma reduction interventions. By exploring the different mindsets of the stakeholders in the reconnaissance phase of the project, the project identified differences in aspirations, attitudes to research, and conflicting intrinsic models of disability. The differences in mindsets are not symptoms of failure but, rather, should be actively sought out.     

Queering accounts of “MSM” practitioner agency: recognising collateral benefits

This article demonstrates how donor resources can enable MSM/TG practitioners to exercise agency in diverse ways, which produce collateral benefits for sexuality/gender-diverse communities. By focusing on what Thai MSM/TG practitioners actually do, we illustrate how their practices respond to their own aspirations, not only the demands of donor funding regimes. We position our project as queer in the sense that it interrupts the normative absence of practitioner agency within current “MSM” development literature. We argue that our reading might enable greater recognition and donor support for MSM/TG practitioners who produce collateral benefits through their work.     

“保护的责任”与现代国际法律秩序

《2005年世界首脑会议成果》将“保护的责任”的范围限定于“保护人民免遭灭绝种族、战争罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪之害的责任”,并明确国际社会提供保护的责任是国家保护的责任的补充。国际社会提供保护的前提是国家不能或怠于提供保护。灭绝种族、战争罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪之害属于威胁人类安全的事项,因此,国际社会必须在联合国及其集体安全制度的框架范围内提供保护的责任。联合国框架下的“保护的责任”有利于防止大规模人道主义灾难和保护人类的安全,但在相关国际实践中要防止以此为借口破坏不干涉内政原则与联合国现行的集体安全制度。     

美国社会保障行政中的听证制度

社会保障作为维护公民生存权益的基本制度,其中的程序设计往往可能直接影响到公民的实体利益享有。因此,考察美国社会保障行政中听证制度的发展,进而确认听证的具体类型、适用范围以及听证举行的具体环节等基本问题,可以为我国建立社会保障制度中的程序选择提供诸多理论借鉴与富有意义的启示。