Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

From newspapers to social media? Changing dynamics in Swiss direct democratic campaigns

Switzerland is a laggard in terms of digital campaigning. Direct democratic votes, more particularly, are centered around issues and little personalized. Combined with the specificities of voters’ information behaviour in direct democratic campaigns, these features are likely to disincentivize political actors from extensively campaigning online. Instead, we expect political actors to continue relying on traditional media. These propositions are tested on a large data base of social media posts and newspaper advertisements published before direct democratic votes held in Switzerland from 1981 to 2020 and 2010 to 2020, respectively. Counterintuitively, this research note finds a strong discontinuity in campaign communication practices. Over the past decades, and between 2010 and 2020 in particular, newspaper ads have become less central to direct democratic campaign communication. At the same time, political actors are increasingly shifting their communication to the digital sphere.     

论科学发展观的理论基础和现实依据

马克思主义的社会发展观是科学发展观的前提和基础 ,科学发展观是马克思主义发展观在社会主义新阶段的具体体现。邓小平关于共同富裕的思想 ,江泽民关于保持区域经济协调、健康发展 ,促进社会全面进步的思想 ,是科学发展观的实质内涵 ,传承着马克思主义发展观的内在灵魂和精髓。深刻理解科学发展观的理论渊源和现实依据 ,有助于我们在实践中进一步树立和落实全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观     

Zwischen Kultur und Kalkül? Vertrauen und Sozialkapital im Kontext der neoinstitutionalistischen Wende

Trust and social capital work in social networks as informal institutions, favouring cooperation between the participants of such social interaction. However, the increasing use of both terms has been accompanied by vanishing conceptual and theoretical precision. In order to counterbalance this development this article tries to clarify some of the major puzzles connected with both terms. First, we embed trust and social capital within the institutionalist turn in political science. Second however, we demonstrate that trust and social capital have been modelled from at least two perspectives: sociological institutionalism and economic institutionalism. Furthermore, attempts of combining those approaches have lead to decreasing theoretical consistency. Finally, we propose that economic institutionalism is theoretically and empirically more fruitful to explain the creation and destruction of social capital.     

论陈云对新时期党建理论的贡献

陈云十分重视党的建设。在改革开放和现代化建设的新时期,他深刻分析我党建设的现状和存在的问题,总结历史和现实的经验教训,在思想建设、组织建设、作风建设和政治生活上提出了一些真知灼见,对我党的建设和发展以及我国社会主义现代化建设作出了贡献。     

邓小平对马克思世界历史理论的新发展

邓小平的对外开放理论是马克思世界历史理论在当代中国的坚持和发展。邓小平对马克思世界历史理论的新发展主要表现在以下几个方面:立足于当代世界局势和基本国情,提出了“现在的世界是开放的世界”的科学论断;基于对中国长期停滞落后历史教训的深刻总结,提出了“中国的发展离不开世界”的科学认识;顺应世界历史发展趋势,立足国情,在对外开放中建设中国特色的社会主义。     

人力资本理论是对按要素分配的重大理论突破

按要素分配是以各种要素在生产中的作用和贡献为前提的。人力资本理论从分析技术、知识等生产要素和经济增长的关系入手,揭示出人力资本在生产中的作用和贡献,突破了传统的按要素分配格局,较好地解决了按要素分配中公平和效率的关系问题。     

论洗钱犯罪的社会危害性及其防范

洗钱犯罪是一种社会危害性极大的犯罪形式。它主要通过对金融体系的渗入使犯罪非法所得的脏钱合法化。其社会危害性主要表现为 :1 对犯罪活动的侦查设置了障碍 ,妨碍了司法追究 ;2 使财物最初合法持有的国家、企业或个人丧失了请求反还的权利 ;3 破坏金融机构的信誉 ;4 造成政治和社会秩序不稳定。措施 :1 加强对国家金融机构的监管 ;2 加强对有组织犯罪洗钱的防范 ;3 完善刑事立法 ;4 加强国际合作。     

太原市外企公司诉“山西日报社”案之法理分析——兼论一般条款于民事责任之意义

<山西日报>巨额赔偿案引起了社会各界的普遍关注,学者们多认为不符合新闻侵权之要件,现行立法更无相应的权利类型可以适用,但被告的行为排除若干细节及证据是否属实问题却基本符合侵权行为的要件,为此引入纯粹经济损失的理论,希冀为司法实践解决此问题另辟蹊径.