谈谈医疗纠纷案件的举证责任——王连玉等诉太原市某医院医疗纠纷案

医疗行业属高风险行业，近年来随着人们维权意识的不断增强，医事纠纷呈逐年上升趋势，已经演化成为社会的热点问题之一。由于医患双方在医学知识掌握上的不平衡，造成了医疗纠纷处理过程中患方举证困难。2002年4月1日起实施的最高人民法院《民事证据规定》第4条第8项明确规定“因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼，适用举证责任倒置”，即采取过错推定原则，成为医疗赔偿纠纷案件举证责任的一大进步。本文以一起医疗纠纷侵权诉讼为例，深刻剖析了医疗纠纷处理过程中的民事证明责任适用问题。     

加强投资软环境建设,实现城市发展新飞跃--关于大连市投资软环境建设的调查报告

加强和改善投资软环境建设,对大连实现跨越式发展有着非常重要的意义.大连市在投资软环境建设上取得了重大成就,但是也存在一些不容忽视的问题.需要在社会环境、建设战略、政府职能、政策法规、人口素质、人才吸引等方面,进一步深化改革.     

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.     

The Law and Incapacity Determinations: A Conflict of Governance?

This article will consider the highly charged questions raised by two major sets of law reforms in England and Wales, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 2007, which, although applying to closely related clinical populations, proceeded along entirely separate legislative paths. By justifying its proposals for reform of mental health legislation on the grounds of 'risk', the Government failed to take into account the implications of enforced treatment on patients who may retain decision-making capacity.     

紧急救治权问题研究

《侵权责任法》56条的规定完善了患者的紧急救治权,但是患者知情不同意的情况下,紧急救治行为是否应该进行,还是需要解决的问题。从我国相关法律对紧急救治权的规定及理论研究,国外对紧急救治权的规定及实务处理方面进行研究,继而提出对紧急救治权的完善。     

Chapter 9. Counseling South American Immigrants

Abstract

The Hispanic population in the United States is growing exponentially. There are a total of 1,506,654 South Americans in the United States who have come from Spanish-speaking countries. Most immigrants, if not all, experience difficulties triggered by migration, discrimination, acculturation, and second language acquisition. In this chapter, we briefly discuss major issues associated with migration and present literature and research on the construct of social support. We propose that integrating and utilizing social support during treatment will facilitate the adjustment process for the individual. We present interventions that allow the therapist to provide support while encouraging the client to seek support within him/herself and from other sources in the environment.     

社区矫正的现实问题和发展路向

如果说犯罪是使人不幸之祸害，而刑罚是因此加诸犯罪者身上之祸害，那么，行刑便是施害者。由于犯罪的存在和发生不可避免，因此，刑罚和行刑之害的日渐轻缓便是不二的方向和选择。社区矫正作为中国刑罚执行方式的实践创新，正合于这一趋势。经过十年多的试点之后，在理论和实践及法治建设等方面进行深入的分析和思考，对社区矫正的健康发展十分必要。     

“河长制”：一个中国政府流域治理跨部门协同的样本研究

流域治理的跨域特征所带来的问题超过了涉水部门单个主体的能力,从而带来了流域治理的协同失灵和碎片化问题。对“河长制”的观察表明,“河长制”跨部门协同可以较好地解决协同机制中责任机制的“权威缺漏”问题,短期内成效明显。通过横向层面和纵向层面的协调机制,大大提高了协同效率。这是一种新型的混合型权威依托的等级制协同模式。但是,以权威为依托的等级制纵向协同的基本特征没有改变,将会面临着“能力困境”、“组织逻辑困境”和“责任困境”的挑战。最后采用菲利普斯分析框架分析了影响“河长制”跨部门协同效率的因素。     

Dental shape match rates in selected and orthodontically treated populations in New York State: a two-dimensional study

Forensically identifying a suspect's dentition from a bitemark in an open population requires the supposition that every person's dental alignment is different. There have been few studies that have tested this claim. Four hundred and ten lower anterior dentitions from a selected population and 110 lower anterior dentitions from one that was orthodontically treated were measured using geometric morphometric analysis, allowing comparison of arch shape. Dental match rates of 1.46% and 42.7% of individuals were found in the respective populations, given an established measurement error. Orthodontic treatment had a strong effect on match rate suggesting that treated or naturally well-aligned dentitions may be indistinguishable. Sexual dimorphism was found to be only slightly significant. Principal shape variation in both populations was degree of arch curvature. Results of studying these populations show that dental matches can occur, and that statements of certainty concerning individualization in such populations should be approached with caution.     

重温20世纪80年代美国学界有关“美国衰落论”的争论——兼及当下的“美国衰落论”

本文对美国学界始于20世纪80年代关于美国是否衰落所引发的辩论进行了分析介绍,特别对其中具有代表性意义的两位学者——美国衰落论的主张者保罗.肯尼迪与美国复兴论的倡导者约瑟夫.奈——的观点进行了分析对比,并就此次辩论对于我们如何看待今天美国的力量状况,以及当下的美国衰落论等问题提出了自己的看法。文章认为,此次辩论所涉及的一系列理论性问题——历史类比方法的适用性问题,如何看待历史发展的延续与变化之间的关系问题,如何量度一国之力量问题,硬权力与软权力的关系问题,文化与文明因素在国际政治中的影响与作用等问题——在今天依然具有一定的学术与社会价值,值得继续关注。