美、英司法审查受案标准的演化及其启示——以私人承担公共职能为考察对象

起始于上世纪70年代末的公共行政改革,通过合同外包、行政分权等多种手段,使私人成为某些情况下公共职能的承担者。私人对公共行政的实质性参与,引发了诸多行政法问题,其中最紧迫的挑战在于如何将司法审查拓展至承担公共职能的私人主体,而这取决于司法审查受案标准的确定。美、英两国的司法审查已分别对私人承担公共职能作出了回应,即将"行为标准"纳入司法审查受案标准的判断体系,我国可考虑在现有的"主体标准"之下,扩展引入"公共职能"标准,以回应公共行政主体多元化的改革现实。     

New resources for the forensic genetics community available on the NIST STRBase website

For more than a decade, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has maintained the short tandem repeat DNA Internet database (STRBase), which is located at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/biotech/strbase/. The purpose of STRBase has been and continues to be an attempt to bring together the abundant literature and information in the forensic genetics field in a cohesive fashion to make current and future work easier. New materials are regularly added to expand the valuable information contained on the STRBase website.     

行政规范性文件之民事司法适用

我国民事司法实践中,行政规范性文件是重要裁判说理依据。行政规范性文件民事司法适用之法理基础,在于其是我国规范等级体系的有机组成部分、是我国民法非正式法源,且在公私法融合的背景下,行政规范性文件也无可避免地需要适用于民事司法。行政规范性文件的民事司法适用分为法源与非法源意义上的适用。非法源意义上的适用,指行政规范性文件"为认定事实之依据"。法源意义上的民事司法适用规则,包括形式、实质、程序三个方面。     

国有商业银行年薪制激励功能失灵的原因探讨

年薪制作为按管理要素分配的一种模式，成为了国有商业银行推崇的一种薪酬和激励制度。但在实施过程中，年薪制的激励有限与约束不足并存、外部公平性缺失与效率损失并存。本文从年薪结构设计欠科学、业绩考核指标体系不完善、监督和约束机制管理乏力、职位消费和灰色收入控制难、负责人道德风险和委托人一代理人博弈存在矛盾等方面对现行国有商业银行年薪制激励功能失灵的根源进行了探讨。     

货运汽车超载的技术性根源及对策

货运汽车严重超载,既有《机动车运行安全技术条件》对机动车核载技术条件规定的缺陷,又有公安交通管理部门车辆登记制度的漏洞。限制货运汽车超载的措施:一是完善《机动车运行安全技术条件》,即增加车辆核载技术条件的上限标准;二是货运汽车安装车桥载质量限定装置。     

浅析从源头上打击盗“三车”违法犯罪的新途径

盗"三车"违法犯罪活动一直是影响社会治安秩序的突出问题,严重危害人民群众的财产安全,影响了辖区居民群众的安全感和满意度。公安机关应当通过提升办案质量、完善治安行政管理模式、加强执法保障等途径,努力形成以公安机关为主牵头、多部门齐抓共管、全社会共同参与的打击与防范盗"三车"违法犯罪活动的新格局。     

刑法第395条第1款中的“说明来源”性质——兼论巨额财产来源不明罪的证明责任

学术界对巨额财产来源不明罪证明责任问题的分歧根源，在于对实体法规定的把握不确，其焦点是如何理解和把握刑法第395条第1款规定的“说明来源”性质。该款前半段是立法者为拥有“差额巨大财产”的国家工作人员创设一项实体性行政义务——即“说明来源”，该义务同时也作为后半段规定的巨额财产来源不明罪客观行为（不作为）中的前提性作为义务，前、后半段一起构成巨额财产来源不明罪的完整罪状和罪刑规范。而“不能说明其来源是合法的”是成立巨额财产来源不明罪基础的客观行为要件，在刑事诉讼中是“被证明的对象”，而不是“对象的自我证明”。该行为要件不产生任何“特别”的刑事诉讼程序上的含义和不产生证明责任“例外”分配的效果，巨额财产来源不明罪的证明责任仍由控方承担。     

Current developments in Open Source Software

Open Source Software (OSS) has hit the mainstream in recent years and its scope is set to increase. Best seen as a range of associated licensing techniques, there are many different types of OSS licences. Coupled with a lack of settled case law and rapidly developing market practice, legal interpretation of the OSS world presents challenges to lawyers. Of the ‘top 20’ OSS licences, the GPL is the most commonly used and among the most radical in legal effect. The GPL's legal radicalism centres on its Article 2(b) concept of ‘copyleft’. Copyleft is an inheritance requirement to pass on the GPL's terms to other software that ‘contains’ or is ‘derived from’ the initially used GPL software. I illustrations of Article 2(b) issues from the Linux and Java worlds are provided. Current case law (such as it is) is then overviewed. Finally, contractual and policy implications of OSS governance are then reviewed as the increasing uptake of OSS in the organisation is mirrored in the growing importance of OSS governance.     

公安专网自由开源软件应用与资源下载站点构建

由于与因特网物理断开,公安专网成为完全独立于因特网的超大专用广域网络。自由开源软件从安全性、稳定性上讲,并不比许多商业软件差,这为其在公安网上运行提供了较强的可行性。在自由软件运动深入开展的今天,公安网上运行成熟的自由开源软件成果,将为金盾工程、公安信息化建设节约大量资金。     

The liability of website owners for defamation in Israel: A challenge yet to be solved?

From the end of the twentieth century to the present we have witnessed the effects of technology on the way we consume and distribute information. The print media, which in many ways was the natural product of the printing revolution, has given way to the electronic media with websites providing the new “town squares” in which the public discourse is held on political, economic and social issues among others. The Israeli legal system, like the legal systems in other countries, faces a variety of challenges and complex ethical and legal issues when required to regulate (often retrospectively) the manner and processes through which the discourse will be conducted in the virtual “town hall”. In essence, this article focuses on one of the many questions occupying the Israeli legal system and that is whether website owners should be liable in defamation for speech published by third parties on the Internet (through blogs, tweets on Twitter, posts on Facebook,¹ uploaded video clips on YouTube and the like) when no connection exists between the third party and the site owner apart from the fact that the third party has used the website as a platform to publish the offensive speech. The issue of the liability of the website owner has ramifications for the injured party's capacity to institute an action for defamation against the website owner, as often only the latter will be in a position to compensate the injured party (financially) for the offensive speech. The Israeli legal system, which in many ways furnishes a unique and interesting framework for examining the question posed above, as we explain in the body of the article, presents a fascinating example of how the Israeli legislature and the courts have dealt and continue to deal with claims filed against website owners for damage to reputation as a result of speech published by third parties. The article offers a comprehensive review of the status of the right to freedom of speech, anonymity and the right to reputation in Israel, the considerations for and against the imposition of liability on website owners and the latest case law on these questions.