特赦问题研究

赦免,一个古老而又常新的话题。盛世时赦少,乱世赦多也是历史所证明的。赦多则宽暴徒、伤良民,使国家法令废弛,更有鼓励犯罪之嫌。当今社会,赦免是许多国家弥补法律僵化的重要手段,然而赦免对于法治的违背使人们对赦免的合理性产生怀疑,而且赦免存在滥用政治目的的可能。目前,我国关于特赦的立法并不成熟;社会的后续接受能力也有限;老百姓对特赦所产生的危机感更是难以消除。因而在目前情况下不宜进行特赦。     

劫持人质案件武力处置若干问题探讨

对劫持人质案件的处置,要力争通过谈判实现和平解决。然而,并非每一起案件都能通过谈判实现和平解决。因此,在力争通过谈判手段和平解决事件的同时应积极进行武力进攻的准备,以便在谈判无法取得进展或事件失控时,及时采取相应的武力行动,解救人质。实施武力处置的战术要求包括：要“投鼠忌器”;要严格掌握使用武器的条件,依法处置;实施之前要隐蔽即将进行武力处置的行动意图;要精心筹划,严密组织,稳妥实施;要善于捕捉和创造战机;要出其不意,一举制服。武力处置的战术形式主要有近距离突袭、定点精确射击、易地处置等几种。具体采用何种战术形式,应视劫持者和现场的具体情况等加以选择。可以采用单一的战术形式,也可将各种战术形式结合使用。     

The economics of poverty traps and persistent poverty: An asset-based approach

Longitudinal data on household living standards open the way to a deeper analysis of the nature and extent of poverty. While a number of studies have exploited this type of data to distinguish transitory from more chronic forms of income or expenditure poverty, this paper develops an asset-based approach to poverty analysis that makes it possible to distinguish deep-rooted, persistent structural poverty from poverty that passes naturally with time due to systemic growth processes. Drawing on the economic theory of poverty traps and bifurcated accumulation strategies, this paper briefly discusses some feasible estimation strategies for empirically identifying poverty traps and long-term, persistent structural poverty, as well as relevant extensions of the popular Foster-Greer-Thorbecke class of poverty measures. The paper closes with reflections on how asset-based poverty can be used to underwrite the design of persistent poverty reduction strategies.     

The growth of female employment in Brazilian manufacturing industry in the 1970s

Female employment grew very rapidly in Brazilian manufacturing industry in the 1970s. Contrary to the predictions of some writers, women have not been marginalised from the industrial labour force as a result of dependent development. Among various hypotheses advanced in the literature to explain the sharp rise in female employment, the scarcity of male labour resulting from rapid economic growth is found to be the most convincing. This hypothesis is supplemented by a discussion of both the factors which made large numbers of women available for industrial work and the types of women that found employment in industry in the decade.     

Fiscal incentives and direct foreign investment in less developed countries

This study found no support for the belief by the governments of most less developed countries (LDCs) that the provision of fiscal incentives is necessary to attract direct foreign investment and that the greater the generosity of these incentive programmes the greater would be the level of such investment. What mattered were the presence of natural resources and a proven record of economic performance. The provision of incentives could not compensate for the absence of either of these two factors. The study is a cross‐sectional one of 27 LDCs for the period 1965–73.     

The Flypaper Effect Revisited: Intergovernmental Grants and Local Governance

Abstract

Local governance arrangements shape the incentives of local actors, which may in turn influence fiscal choices. By emphasizing the role of local government institutions in local fiscal choices, we seek to bridge between median voter and Leviathan models prevalent in the literature. We then offer some preliminary evidence to support this explanation by empirically testing several propositions regarding the flypaper effect in intergovernmental grants. One limitation of the median voter model is that the model does not consider political institutions and their influences on government expenditures. In this study, we attempt to capture the influence of political dynamics in determining public expenditures by considering institutional variables. Test results show that the political institutional variables could be one of the explanation variables for the flypaper effect.     

普洱边境地区涉毒特殊群体的特点与防控对策研究

近年来,云南省普洱市边境地区特殊群体参与毒品违法犯罪的情况日益突出。本文分析了当前普洱边境地区涉毒特殊群体的现状和主要特点并结合公安边防部队的工作实际提出了相应的防控对策。     

确认不侵犯专利权之诉的司法判定——由一起专利权纠纷案说起

知识产权确认不侵权之诉是知识产权领域中的特有制度。现行法律和司法解释对这类诉讼中涉及的法律适用问题缺乏明确规定,导致在司法实践中争议很大。要确认不侵犯专利权的判定标准,应从形式要件和实质要件两个方面进行。     

唐代刑事证据制度考略

唐代是中国封建社会经济、政治和文化发展的鼎盛时期,其法律制度也达到了古代封建法制的最高水平。唐代总结其前代王朝刑事证据之经验并有所创新,直接影响着后世。唐代立法和司法实践体现了据证惟实、重视伦理权衡等证据原则,主要证据形式包括口供、证人证言、物证、书证和勘验笔录,相应的取证方法主要有取得口供和证言的刑讯、获取实物证据的现场勘验和搜查,司法官员运用经验和逻辑推理综合审查和运用证据。