社会福利保障的宪法路径选择

世界各国宪法保障社会福利有两种模式,一种是在宪法中列举各种社会权利的"社会权"保障模式,另一种是仅在宪法中明确建设社会国家的原则或者类似条款的"社会国"保障模式。从我国《宪法》的现有规定及其变迁、宪法的解释与学界的解读看,我国属于"社会权"模式。"社会权"保障模式的缺陷是随着民众追求平等意识的成长、市场机制的扩展和公民权利意识的增强,社会福利可能借助宪法无序、无限地扩张。通过淡化社会福利的权利性质、转变社会权的合宪性审查的方向、扩展反射利益推进社会福利以及贯彻宪法设立的可承受性、适度性原则,可以推进我国社会福利宪法保障模式由"社会权"模式向"社会国"模式转换。     

STATE LAW AND THE TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

This paper presents the findings from a content analysis of state laws authorizing the termination of parental rights. The analysis yielded a taxonomy of termination criteria and it identified those criteria that were most widely adopted by the states. State termination criteria were compared to those listed in the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997. The comparison shows that state laws identify more types of termination criteria than are listed in ASFA. In addition, criteria related to neglect and “parental failure” were often ambiguous and lacked detail. The study identifies possible directions for research on state termination law.     

Leadership Styles as Perceived by Career Senior Service Executives

Abstract

This study identifies the prevailing leadership styles of career Senior Executive Service (SES) members of the Federal Government. This study also determines if an association exits between SES member's self‐perceived leadership style and personal characteristics, such as gender, years in the Federal Service, and highest academic degree earned. The study population consists of 6395 career SES members. A random sample of 364 career SES members was selected. The selected group was asked to respond to a demographic data questionnaire and the Styles of Leadership Survey (SLS). Over 34% of the sample completed the instrument and data questionnaire. This study reveals that Strategic Leadership Style (5/5) is the dominant self‐perceived leadership style of career SES members. The personal characteristics of gender, years employed in the Federal Government, and educational attainment were identified as being significant factors influencing leadership styles of Federal Government executives.     

论我国犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的构建

对因暴力犯罪而致生命、健康遭受侵害之被害人国家补偿不仅是一种道义上的"善行",更是一项国家的法律责任。建立我国犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的必要性和合理性已经达成共识,但"如何建构的问题"却依然存在着较大争议。借鉴国外成功的经验,立足中国实际,深入系统地探讨犯罪被害人国家补偿的对象、适用条件、补偿程度、资金来源及管理机构、补偿程序等重要问题,对于我国犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的科学建构具有重要的意义。     

Party registration and party self-identification: Exploring the role of electoral institutions in attitudes and behaviors

How do electoral institutions affect self-identified partisanship? I hypothesize that party registration acts to anchor a person's party identification, tying a person to a political party even when their underlying preferences may align them with the other party. Estimating a random effects multinomial logit model, I find individuals registered with a party are more likely to self-identify with that party and away from the other party. Party registration also affects voting in presidential elections but not in House elections, leading to greater defection in the former where voters have more information about the candidates. These insights illuminate varying rates of electoral realignment, particularly among southern states, and the makeup of primary electorates in states with and without party registration.     

百年中的中国民法华丽转身与曲折发展——中国民法一百年历史的回顾与展望

中国民法已经走过了一百年的历史,其中大清民律草案、民国民律草案和民国民法典在中华法系民法的基础上实现了一个华丽转身,走向了继受欧陆民法的不归路,适应了当时中国的社会政治、经济、文化生活的需要,实现了中国民法的现代化。1949年以来,当代中国民法经历了艰难曲折的发展,终于迎来了21世纪民法的繁荣和发展。总结经验教训,21世纪的中国民法应当在这条路上继续走下去,创造中国民法的辉煌,造福于21世纪的中国人民。     

由上访问题引发的国家义务问题思考

上访问题是学术界、实务界重点关注的问题之一,在实践过程中,上访问题甚至会影响到国家机关的正常工作日程,尤其是重要的节假日、会议期间,上访问题无论是给人民群众还是国家机关都带来了比较大的困扰,国家花费了比较大的人力、物力去解决上访问题,但是目前看来效果不是很好,如何解决上访问题,需要学界、实务界共同思考.     

网络游戏前“外挂”时期行为的刑法规制

近年来,网络游戏产业在我国的发展势头非常迅猛。网络游戏已经作为一种主流娱乐方式进入了千家万户。但是,在网络游戏产业繁荣的背后,也存在着一些问题,其中就包括因网络游戏"外挂"带来的法律问题,例如见诸于报端、经过刑事裁判的"传奇3G"系列"外挂"案和"QQ幻想"助理"外挂"案就是其中较为突出的两起案件。结合案件中反映的问题,我们将重点分析刑法如何规制网络游戏前"外挂"时期的危害行为,以充分发挥刑法的法益保护功能。     

怠于履行公共职能的国家赔偿责任

怠于履行公共职能是指行政主体行使职权时，未尽合理的注意义务，产生行为之懈怠，导致法律期待的公共职能实现不能或不充分的公务过失行为。为使裁量性行政导致的公民权益受损得到有效的救济，督促行政主体在行使职权时竭心尽力追求公共职能的充分实现，需要将怠于履行公共职能纳入行政赔偿范围。这种公务过失在赔偿责任上适用过错责任原则，对其损害的认定应包括现实利益、精神利益和正当预期利益，在因果关系判断方面，除了要考虑行政主体拥有比一般社会理性更高的公务理性之外，还应该考虑其裁量性选择的正当性理由。     

日本FTA战略论析

战后以来,日本曾长期奉行以"贸易立国"战略为指导、以多边贸易体制为框架的对外贸易政策,因为这一制度安排给日本带来了巨大的经济利益。但自20世纪90年代末起,日本对FTA和EPA的关注日渐升温,并逐步发展起一套系统、明确的FTA战略。从背景来看,其对外贸易政策的转向是国内外政治经济形势变化的产物。就性质而言,FTA战略是日本在新时代的"贸易立国"战略。处理好开放和保护的关系、克服多元官僚制的困境、重视日中FTA,是日本FTA战略不容回避的问题。