State and Democratization in Nigeria

The articles interrogates the relationship between democratization and people power in Nigeria. It argues that the broadening of the Nigerian public sphere has not led to reciprocal development of democratic principles and practice. As civilian rule reigns and economic growth is reported, Nigeria’s democratization is fraught with many challenges. Democratization remains questionable in Nigeria; it is rudimentary and distorted by irregularities. These have had implications for national development and human securities as the poverty level worsens and acclaimed economic growth and “democratic dividends” fail to enhance Nigerians’ quality of life. The trivialization of democratization raises critical questions about its state and relevance to Nigerians and the Nigerian state. Is Nigeria democratizing or de-democratizing? How does the democratization process bring the Nigerian people closer to state (power)? How has it helped their developmental quests? The article contends that Nigeria’s democratization process is indeed on trial. As Ake argues, Nigerian state democratization does not only trivialize the essence of democracy—it also continues to reverse the democratization process. Against this background, the article concludes that the democratization process in Nigeria requires elite political will and people’s consciousness to advance to the next stage for better democratic consolidated and economic development relevant to Nigerians.     

论国家义务的价值基础

人性尊严是最高位阶的客观价值,是人类永远追求的目标。人性尊严之彰显,将促进生成民众合法性信念,达成普遍利益认同与共识,从而形成有普遍约束力的规范,成为最高判断标准与根本规范,是全体法规范价值体系的根源。人性尊严为国家义务提供了坚实的合法性与正当性基础,是国家义务的妥当性规范。     

家庭、国家与儿童福利供给

儿童抚育事务在传统上主要由家庭承担。工业革命之后,西方国家才开始系统关注并发展儿童社会福利,为抚育儿童的父母提供制度化的国家支持,并对父母亲权的实践进行国家监督。尽管不同的儿童社会福利理论对于如何界定家庭与国家在儿童抚育与儿童福利供给过程中的关系模式存有分歧,但是,关注得不到家庭适当抚育的儿童的福利,并为其提供必要的福利服务,已经成为现代国家的共识。鉴于我国传统的以家庭为主的儿童抚育模式出现失灵,积极发展选择性的儿童福利服务具有其充分的合理性。     

正确处理政府信息公开与保守国家秘密

保密与公开一直是保密工作必须解决好的根本问题。《政府信息公开条例》规定，除国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私，以及公开后会危及国家安全、公共安全、经济安全和社会稳定的信息外，其他信息都必须公开。在新形势下，为妥善解决好保密与政府信息公开两者之间的关系。需要对《保密法》等法律进行修订，建立全新的保密工作制度，确保国家安全和国家秘密不被泄露。     

中俄“国家年” 合作新起点

中俄举办“国家年”活动是两国元首做出的政治决定。这是今明两年中俄关系的主线,也是两国对外关系中的大事。“国家年”活动旨在进一步加强双方政治互信,推动政治、经济、科技、军事、人文等各领域合作,宣传《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》确立的“世代友好、永不为敌”的和平思想,巩固中俄友好的社会基础,推动中俄战略协作伙伴关系迈向更高水平。     

谈依法治国与边防检查

边防检查是最具侵犯性的一种行政权力。在依法治国的方略下,如何完善边防检查法规体系,如何坚持依法行政,提高出入境管理水平,是边防检查机关面临的新课题。     

‘Paz,progreso, justicia y honradez’: law and citizenship in Alta Verapaz during the regime of Jorge Ubico⋆

Prospects for the ‘rule of law’ in the present are shaped by historical experiences of law by elite and non‐elite groups in the past. In this article I explore changing conceptions and practices of‘rights’and‘justice’as expressed in the legal and administrative encounters between indigenous people and state officials during the regime of Jorge Ubico (1931–1944). The extension of the state's coercive and administrative apparatus to remote rural areas, new legislation and changes in public administration transformed relations between working people, coffee fmqueros and the state in Guatemala. This implied new obligations and exactions for Mayans, but also provided them with new opportunities to contest and negotiate their conditions. Indigenous people strategically engaged with the law to contest the terms of their domination by elite actors and to mediate conflicts between themselves. As state ideologies of‘moral behaviour’led to increasing regulation of the private sphere, this was particularly important in the case of conflicts over gendered rights and obligations. Although formally excluded from the category of citizens, indigenous people used the official language and discourse of citizenship to further their claims, in turn reshaping Guatemalan nation‐state.     

关于刑事责任年龄的思考——刑事责任年龄的界定不能脱离本国国情

与世界上一些发达国家以及在亚洲地区同我国相类似的国家和地区相比。我国刑法关于刑事责任年龄的界定明显偏高，不符合我国现阶段及更长一段时间的国情。我们主张，面对迅猛上升的少年犯罪问题，适当降低我国的刑事责任年龄，并设置有别于成人的较轻缓和灵活的法律处分，对犯罪少年的行为和品格进行及时有效地矫正。     

传统民本思想的历史局限及其在社会主义政治文明建设中的发展

在中国,传统民本思想一直贯穿于封建社会的政治生态中,并在一定程度上促进了社会历史的发展,但中国传统民本思想有着无法克服的历史局限:封建专制对民主的否定、伦理关系对个性自由的否定、道德至上对法制原则的否定、人身依附对平等观念的否定。这些历史局限性也正是社会主义政治文明所要超越与发展的地方,这深刻体现在党的领导、主权在民、依法治国与以德治国的全过程中。     

对国家赔偿法修改中涉及检察工作若干问题的探讨

本文以国家赔偿法的修改为背景,阐述了现行立法的不足之处,并从三个方面提出了涉及检察工作的几点构想。