德国《基本法》中的社会国家原则

从语义解释的角度看,社会国家原则在《联邦德国基本法》(以下简称《基本法》)文本中不具有显著地位,且内容不够明确;但从体系解释而言,该原则享有不得修改的宪法基本原则的突出地位。社会国家原则产生的历史则表明,该原则具有弥补《基本法》中社会基本权利缺失的功能。但社会国家的目的以及社会国家原则保障的基本权利都必须通过立法者制定的法律来加以具体化。联邦宪法法院在发挥社会国家原则的宪法规范功能以及确定社会国家的最低宪法标准方面起到了重要作用。社会国家原则在联邦宪法法院的判决中一般与基本权利条款、基本权利限制条款以及社会国家的目标一起发挥作用,被用来为立法者设定社会权利保护义务或论证限制基本权利的法律规范的正当性。     

刑事拘留引起的国家赔偿与赔偿监督的思考

按照国家赔偿法的规定,违反刑事诉讼法的规定采取拘留措施或者超期拘留,受害人有取得国家赔偿的权利.但案件要进入国家赔偿程序,其前提条件是依法撤销案件.由于我国刑事诉讼法的规定和公安机关办案程序的原因,公安机关撤销案件的法律依据缺位,对公安机关采取刑事拘留措施后引起的国家赔偿和检察机关赔偿监督造成很大的困扰.     

AFGHANISTAN: DISCERNING CHINA’S WESTWARD MARCH

This article discerns the shifts in China's engagement with its Western neighbour, Afghanistan. Beijing's approach has gradually shifted from dis-interest to a careful re-calibration of strategy indicating Afghanistan's growing eminence in its strategic calculus. This transposition – dating back to the 1980's – it is argued has been accentuated as the ‘West’ weans itself away from the Afghan theatre. This article demonstrates that Beijing's chequered history of engagement with Kabul has been historically underpinned by its engagement with a plethora of actors identified with ‘political Islam’ who in turn are patronized by its allies in Rawalpindi. Its deepening footprint in contemporary Afghanistan while continuing to be coloured by the prism of Rawalpindi, is informed by a growing sense of unease regarding the perceived adverse imprint that developments across China's Western borders are likely to leave on its domestic security and growing economic interests in the region.     

Haplotype frequencies of eight Y-chromosome short tandem repeats loci in four Amerindian populations (state of Hidalgo, Mexico)

Population: Amerindian populations: Huastecos (n=97), Otomies de la Sierra (n=41), Otomies del Valle (n=40), and Tepehuas (n=13).     

Everyday forms of state decomposition: Quetzaltenango,Guatemala, 1954⋆

This essay explores how Guatemala's 1952 agrarian reform played out among Quetzalteco K'iche's. Much of the academic writing on the revolution is concerned with the way the agrarian reform affected indigenous communities. These studies either view the reform as creating bitter political conflicts within the community, thereby weakening or destroying local institutions of communal politics and identification, or else they understand the reform as deepening incipient class divisions. In all of these studies,‘conflict’is understood to be something antithetical to‘community’. Yet conflict is as essential to communal formation as are more visible identity markers, suggesting an intriguing correlation: the greater the degree of communal conflict, the greater the level of communal identification.     

完善国家侵权精神赔偿制度之探讨

现行《国家赔偿法》中国家侵权精神赔偿的范围过窄、赔偿方式不灵活,赔偿标准不明确。在赔偿范围中应纳入非刑事司法侵权行为和公有公共设施致害导致的精神损害。在精神损害轻微的情形下应采用非金钱赔偿,适用抚慰性标准;在造成严重精神损害的情形下应采用非金钱和金钱双重赔偿,金钱赔偿适用惩罚性标准。     

坚持出入境边防检查工作基本原则正确处理三方面关系

出入境边防检查工作的中央事权性、涉外性、公安性,决定了出入境边防检查工作的基本原则是依法行政,维护国家主权、安全和利益,方便出入境往来.实际工作中,出入境边防检查机关应正确处理好把关与通关的关系,有理、有利、有节的关系,内事与外事的关系.     

论网络恐怖主义对国家安全的危害及其对策

恐怖主义发展至今已经不再是单纯的暴力形式 ,网络恐怖主义作为一种新的恐怖主义形式登上了历史舞台 ,其活动充分利用网络作为工具和武器 ,具有高智能化和不可控制的特点。网络恐怖主义对国家政治安全、经济安全、文化安全、军事安全构成新的威胁。要预防和制止网络恐怖主义 ,就要认识和重视网络恐怖主义 ;完善立法和责任落实 ;加强国际合作 ;拥有先进独特的技术和自主的知识产权 ;建立监测系统和快速反应队伍 ;培养大量的优秀后备人才。防范网络恐怖主义已成为国家安全防御体系中的重要组成部分 ,这也是一场没有硝烟的战争     

The contested terrain of land governance reform in Myanmar

State control of land plays a critical role in producing land dispossession throughout the Global South. In Myanmar, the state’s approach towards territorial expansion has driven the country’s system of land governance, resulting in widespread and systemic land grabbing. This article investigates ongoing land governance reforms as key terrains for contesting such abuses of power. Employing a relational land governance approach, we view reform processes as shaped by changing power-laden social relations among government, civil society, and international donor actors. Legal and regulatory reforms in Myanmar potentially act as sites of meaningful social change but in practice tend to maintain significant limitations in altering governance dynamics. Civil society organizations and their alliances in Myanmar have played an important role in opening up policy processes to a broader group of political actors. Yet, policies and legal frameworks still are often captured by elite actors, becoming trapped in path dependent power relations.     

浅析信息公开条件下工作秘密的法律保护

工作秘密是指有关国家机关在其公务活动和内部管理中产生的不属于国家秘密而又不宜对外公开的事项。它与国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私的概念是有所不同的。尽管我国现有法律法规对工作秘密进行了规定,但现已颁布实施的《政府信息公开条例》却没有将工作秘密纳入信息公开保护的范围内,从而给工作秘密的保护带来诸多难题。我们要大胆借鉴国外法律对工作秘密实施保护的成功经验,加紧修订我国与工作秘密有关的法律法规,将工作秘密纳入信息保护范围内,提高社会公众的信息公开获取能力,确保各级政府机关依法工作的顺利开展。