Left-wing authoritarianism is not a myth, but a worrisome reality. Evidence from 13 Eastern European countries

A sometimes heated debate between authoritarianism researchers takes place on the issue of authoritarianism on the left. Some researchers argue that authoritarianism is typical for right-wing political orientation while other researchers assert that authoritarianism can also be found at the left side of the political spectrum. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion on left-wing authoritarianism. Using representative samples, the relationship between authoritarianism and political preferences is examined in 13 ex-communist Eastern European countries. Employing six different indicators of left-wing/communist political orientations make clear that, despite cross-national differences, left-wing authoritarianism is definitely not a myth in Eastern European countries. Second, it was aimed to survey whether authoritarian persons in Eastern European countries might be a possible threat for the transition to democracy. Based upon five items it was demonstrated that in general the Eastern European population seems to hold a positive opinion on democracy. However, it becomes also clear that authoritarian persons in the ex-communist countries are significantly less positive towards democracy.     

全球化、社会转型与中产阶级的建构——以中国为对象的比较研究

20世纪90年代后,中产阶级在中国社会的成长是一个具有全球性意义的话题。这一话题所以具有世界范围内的学术意义,不仅在于中国是一个具有13亿人口的大国,更在于中国中产阶级出现和成长的独特性。同西方相比,中国中产阶级受到全球化的影响,不仅表现出了鲜明的消费主义特征,而且消费更为突出地成为地位模糊的中产阶级寻求社会认同的途径。同东欧前社会主义国家相比,一方面,经济改革的成功凸显了这一阶级的消费能力;另一方面,现有的政治格局也制约了中产阶级的行动空间。中国经济的迅猛发展和政治改革的相对滞后,使得中产阶级凸现出＂消费前卫、政治后卫”的双重特征。     

Hochschulsteuerung im deutschen Bildungsföderalismus

Seit einiger Zeit setzen sich in der deutschen Hochschulpolitik und an den Hochschulen Reformen im Rahmen des New Public Managements durch, die zu mehr Selbststeuerung und Effizienzerhöhung führen sollen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Vergleich der Hochschulsteuerung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme Deutschlands vorgenommen. Zunächst werden die derzeitigen hochschulischen Steuerungsinstrumente systematisiert und anschließend zwei Governance‐Modellen zugeordnet, dem bürokratisch‐oligarchischen und dem Management‐Modell. Eine Einordnung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme auf Basis dieser Systematisierung zeigt für die meisten Bundesländer eine Dominanz jener Steuerungsinstrumente, die dem Management‐Modell zugeordnet werden. Gleichwohl bestehen zwischen den Bundesländern deutliche Unterschiede in den jeweiligen Steuerungssystemen. Trotz der allgemeinen Annäherung an das Management‐Modell sind auf der konkreten Umsetzungsebene Varianten in der Ausgestaltung festzustellen. Demzufolge verwundert es nicht, dass der Erfolg von Hochschulen nicht nachweisbar von der gesetzlichen Verankerung des Management‐Modells abhängt, was am Beispiel der Exzellenzinitiative illustriert wird.     

An Unravelling Development Strategy? Garment Assembly in the Caribbean Basin after the Multifibre Arrangement

The purpose of this article is to assess the likely impact of the ending of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) on garment assembly in the Caribbean Basin. Over the last fifteen years or so garment assembly has come to represent one of the region's few economic ‘success stories’ and has accordingly helped to offset the loss of export revenue from traditional commodities such as coffee and sugar. With the ending of the MFA on 1 January 2005, however, the long‐term viability of this trade has been thrown into doubt. This article thus seeks to assess the prospects for continued garment assembly in the Caribbean Basin against the backdrop of these developments.     

监外执行罪犯脱管漏管问题及对策——以云南省安宁市为视角

监外执行制度的设立,体现了我国惩罚罪犯与改造罪犯相结合的人道主义刑事政策。但是,因为制度上的不完善和执行监管不到位,监外执行制度在实践中存在诸多不足之处,如脱管漏管现象严重、对监外执行罪犯引导教育缺失等,严重损害了法律和刑罚执行的严肃性。文章以云南安宁市监外执行现状为视角,对监外执行罪犯脱管漏管问题进行调查研究,提出对策建议。     

海上阻禁大规模杀伤性武器扩散运输的合法性

海上阻禁大规模杀伤性武器扩散运输是一种新出现的反扩散措施,具有不同于传统防扩散的特点。创造性运用港口国管辖、沿海国管辖和船旗国管辖机制的阻禁符合海洋法和防扩散国际法,公海阻禁则缺乏足够法律支持。美国总统奥巴马制度化防扩散安全倡议可能使海上阻禁成为一项新的国际法制度。     

从学习习惯不良看农村留守儿童教育之困惑

农村“留守儿童”教育问题日益突出，成为社会共同关注的焦点。其中，农村“留守儿童”学习习惯不良严重制约着教育的效果。通过对农村“留守儿童”学习习惯的调研，验证其学习习惯是否良好，从而进行归因分析，得出家庭、学校和“留守儿童”自身对良好学习习惯养成的负面影响，并提出改善“留守儿童”不良学习习惯的建议，以期有利于他们的顺利健康成长。     

云南公安禁毒队伍建设存在的困难及其对策

云南公安禁毒队伍是云南禁毒斗争的主力军和核心力量,云南公安禁毒队伍建设成效显著,但也存在思想认识、经济条件和对规律特点的把握等方面的困难。正视这些困难,深入分析其形成的原因并提出对策,是云南公安机关"三基"工程建设中,进一步推进公安禁毒队伍正规化建设的必然要求。     

Strengthening the citizens' role in international organizations

Today's international organizations are characterized by a fundamental deficit in democracy. We therefore propose institutional measures to increase the direct participation possibilities of the citizens in international organizations. In order to reduce the number of citizens involved in decision-making to a manageable size, a representative sample of trustees is selected using a random mechanism. The trustees are given the right to launch initiatives and to vote in referendums on issues related to an international organization's constitution. They can also recall executives when they are dissatisfied with their behavior. No specific changes to the organization of these entities, especially their executive function, are proposed. Rather, the executives of international organizations must obey the constitutional changes adopted by the trustees. The proposal gives international organizations democratic legitimacy. Moreover, the executives are subjected to the control of the citizens of the member states, which induces better responsiveness to the preferences of the people, as well as higher organizational efficiency. JEL codes D72 · 019