20世纪初美国法学与心理学的交叉研究及反思

二十世纪初,美国法学进行了一场与心理学的交叉研究尝试。心理学家闵斯特伯格首倡进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,受到著名法学家威格摩尔的激烈反击以及一些心理学家的反对。但是,也有部分心理学家随后开始进行法律行为实验研究及法律心理学研究,法学界的著名学者哈钦斯针对一系列具体主题进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,而威格摩尔在反击之后也开始在这一领域展开研究。此次交叉研究为二战后行为法学派在美国法学界的兴起提供了基础。我们可以由此思考法学对于交叉研究的接受度,以及那个时代心理学影响法学研究的可能。并通过20世纪美国法学各类交叉研究的繁荣,反思我国当下司法实践的现代化变革及法学研究范式的发展。     

What the #@!* are they Fighting About?!?: Reflections on Fairness,Identity, Social Capital,and Peacemaking in Family Conflicts

Peacemaking is particularly challenging in family conflicts. Deeply held feelings about identity, fair treatment, moral issues, and protecting social capital often cause people in conflict to make self‐defeating decisions. There are, however, techniques that enable mediators, Collaborative Practice professionals, and other peacemakers to overcome the settlement barriers created by these strongly held views. These techniques include those pioneered by psychotherapists using the Internal Family Systems model, which enables parties to see that their strongly held views comprise only part of the constellation of feelings that they have about the conflict.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Parents who feel that their role as father or mother is in danger often find it difficult to focus on the children's best interests.
• The “rule of reciprocity” causes people who feel wronged to exact even harsher punishment on those who harmed them.
• The concept of “social capital” explains why people care so passionately about whether they are treated fairly and about their reputation for fairness.
• The Internal Family Systems model helps peacemakers to understand how to work with the parties’ ambivalence about settlement versus courtroom vindication.

     

论被害人被害后心理及其救助

本文从被害人被害后心理的内涵出发,探讨被害人被害后几种常见的心理表现,并有针对性地提出被害人被害后的心理救助措施,旨在于帮助被害人建立有效心理防范机制,以期更好保护被害人的权益。     

当代大学生阅读心理分析及服务方法

大学图书馆要注重从心理学角度,分析当代大学生存在的种种阅读现象和心理特征,并从文献资源建设、图书馆员素质等方面提出针对当代大学生进行阅读指导和深化服务的方法和措施。     

基层民警焦虑心理的形成与疏导

心理素质是公安基层民警综合素质的重要组成部分。民警的焦虑心理不仅影响他们的身心健康,更影响公安战斗力的发挥。分析焦虑心理的形成原因,探讨疏导的方法,帮助民警提高自身素养,是实现向素质要警力的需要,也体现了从严治警、从优待警的公安队伍建设要求。     

An Assessment of the Validity of Polygraph Examinations for the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception: A Judicicial Opinion and Research Study Review

The polygraph device has been advanced by proponents as a valid (measures what it is supposed to measure, even against counter-measures), accurate (it does what it is supposed to do), and reliable (produces consistent outcomes) diagnostic tool able to measure physiological responses indicative of deception. These physiological responses are said to be a direct result of psychological arousals. (National Research Council [NRC] of the National Academies, The polygraph and lie detection, 2003). A debate concerning the validity of this test instrument has maintained for over 85 years, since the first polygraph device was introduced. This analysis takes into account court cases that address the issue and the available literature and relevant studies that support judicial decision-making. The conclusion arrived at is that this particular testing device has not attained a level of scientific support to warrant unqualified judicial acceptance.     

试论犯罪心理学在警察盘查中的运用

刺激——反应理论是后犯罪心理理论基础,后犯罪心理的表征通过犯罪嫌疑人情绪反映识别。后犯罪心理理论研究为警察打击犯罪提供事实依据、为减少警察伤亡提供具体方法,是犯罪心理学理论研究的新内容。     

解码药家鑫犯罪行为心理

研究犯罪行为不能脱离行为人特定的成长经历和案发情境。药家鑫童年阶段不当的家庭教育方式致其人格缺陷,深夜的突发事件使其在极度恐惧中心态失衡,情绪冲动模式下随身携带的刀具和夜幕无形中为其杀人提供了条件。快速的数刀动作,不是因为恐惧,也不是所谓的＂弹钢琴强迫行为＂,而是潜意识中无法抑制的愤怒情绪的瞬间爆发与宣泄。类似杀人的攻击行为有其产生、维持、控制、引起或者触发的内在机制,正确理解和把握这些对于侦查破案和犯罪防控都有重要的意义。     

犯罪心理学案例教学探讨

对公安院校的犯罪心理学课程来说,为了达到良好的教学效果,引入案例教学,同时对该课程的案例教学形式、特点、案例编制和组织实施等方面进行深入的探讨具有十分重要的意义。     

大学生创造心理的培养

大学生创造心理的培养主要包括认识品质、情感品质、意志品质、意识品质和个性品质五个方面。高校培养大学生创造心理,应重视大学生创造性思维养成,注重大学生元认知的培养,提高大学生的抱负水平,鼓励大学生发展多种需要,培养大学生正确的价值观,帮助大学生排除妨碍其创造心理的障碍。